The twin towns of LAUFEN/OBERNDORF

Laufen owes its former economical and cultural significance to the river Salzach,which forms a peninsula with its sharp curves(弯) there.

Laufen’s economic boom began with the salt trade and the shipping on the river.The salt—mainly coming from Hallein and Bad Reichenhall—was loaded onto bigger ships downstream,which made Laufen one of the most important ports of shipment for salt in Salzburg and Bavaria.

The archbishop(大教主) of Salzburg had given special privileges to the people who were involved in the shipping of salt on the river Salzach.

The Napoleonic Wars brought occupation and serious disturbances.They brought the sudden end to the independent state of the Duke—Archbishop of Salzburg.The end of the 18th century brought a decrease in shipping because of the general economic situation.On the 1st May 1816 Salzburg definitively became a part of Austria (Munich agreement) that’s why the Salzach became the border between Bavaria and Austria.Laufen’s suburbs Oberndorf and Altach were divided up.The number of inhabitants fell from 1392 to 809.Even the re-unification of the two towns’shipsmen’s guilds(行会) and the reorganization of 1928 could not prevent the decline of shipping which finally came to an end in the late 19th century.

________played an important role in Laufen’s economy and culture life.

A.Salt                          B.Shipment                  C.Guilds                       D.Theriver Salzach

The underlined word“boom”probably means________.

A.pleasant sounds          B.sudden increase          C.sudden decrease         D.trade

The main idea of this passage is mainly about ________.

A.how the economy declined in Laufen

B.the effects of The Napoleonic Wars

C.how the twin towns of LAUFEN and OBERNDORF came into being

D.the history of Salzburg

The South Pole is a particular place on the earth.When people stand at the top of it looking around,they will find all directions face to north.No matter how they make their first step in which direction,they will always walk towards the north.That’s to say,only north and south exist there,neither east nor west exists.

At the top of the South Pole,any clock or watch keeps good time because all meridians(子午线) join there.All kinds of local time are completely suitable there.It is even difficult to distinguish(区别) New Year’s Eve from New Year’s Day.

The explorers and scientists from different countries always fix the time according to their own.Therefore the time by their watches was different when the people with different nationality gathered there.

The Winter Solstice(冬至日) is an important festival at the South Pole.It is always on June 21 or 22.This day is called Midwinter Festival,on which the daytime is the shortest in a year and the night the longest.All people at the South Pole extend greetings to each other and present gifts to each other.They usually give all kinds of celebrations.From that day on,the daytime will get longer day by day.

At the top of the South Pole,your watch will ________.

A.keep good time                                             B.be five minutes fast

C.stop                                                             D.be ten minutes slow

The Winter Solstice is an important festival ________.

A.in the world                     B.at the South Pole        C.at the North Pole        D.in China

On the Winter Solstice,________ is the shortest in a year.

A.the night                   B.the noon                    C.the morning               D.the daytime

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