_____ ashes from the volcano in Iceland have caused problems for air traffic and business, scientists don't think it will have long-term effects on human health.

       A. Since                              B. As                           C. While                      D. Because

　　In the United States in the early 1800’s, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States controlled manufacturing, banking, mining and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes（收费关卡）, and railroads. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.

　　In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct restricting activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and difference between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on drug dealers, innkeepers and retail merchants of various kinds. The goods of trade generally came under state inspection and such important raw material as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by business.

　　Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action. It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the region, where it was greatly needed for settlement. It permitted access to public western lands on increasing easy term, with a summit in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed on the basis of residence alone. Finally, it set up a system of tariffs（关税） that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century.

1.What does the passage mainly discuss？

　　A. States rights versus federal rights.

　　B. The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction.

　　C. The roles of state and federal government in the economy of the nineteenth century.

　　D. Restricting activity by state government.

2.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were ______.

　　A. built with money that came from the federal government

　　B. much more expensive to build than they had been previously

　　C. built predominantly in the western part of the country

　　D. sometimes built in part by state companies

3.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862？

　　A. It increased the money supply in the West.

　　B. It was a law first passed by state government in the West.

　　C. It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West.

　　D. It established tariffs in a number of regions.

4.Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth century？

　　A. Control of the manufacture of gunpowder.

　　B. Determining the conditions under which individuals worked.

　　C. Regulation of the supply of money.

　　D. Inspection of new homes built on western lands.

第II卷 （非选择题 共50分）

第三部分　写作（共两节，满分50分）

第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

    此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（ √ ）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

    此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

    此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（   ），在该行右边的横线上写出该加的词。

    此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

    注意：原文没有错的不要改。

Have you ever heard Angel Falls?　                                 66.         

       It is a highest waterfall in the world, deeply in the jungles                      67.         

       of Venezuela. Few has ever seen Angel Falls.                   68.         

That is very hard to get there. If you go there by land,                 69.         

and you will have to travel for weeks through                          70.         

thick jungles. If you go by plane, it will take about　                       71.         

       four hours. No one knew about this high waterfall since 1930.             72.         

       In that year, James Angel, American pilot, flew over the area.       73.         

       All of a sudden he saw a waterfall, that seemed　                       74.         

       to drop straight out of from the clouds.                               75.         

As is natural, a man as old as he ____ be very forgetful.

　A. can 　　　　              B. should 　　　　      C. would 　　　　D. must

      —It’s much too beautiful a day to waste indoors.

    —You are right. __________

       A. Why don’t you stay at the library?       B. I’ve been looking forward to it for ages.

       C. Get dressed and hurry to work.               D. Let’s make the most of it.

    When Lew Alcindor was 13, and obviously still growing, a group of schools began offering him scholarships (奖学金). The Alcindors decided to send their only child to Power Memorial Academy, a small school on Manhattan’s West Side.

    At Power, Alcindor came under the control of Coach Jack Donohue, a strict young man who already gained his fame as one of the best coaches in the city. Donohue brought Alcindor along slowly. As a first-year student, the boy was not able to do much but wave his long skinny arms and shoot a basket now and then. But by the second year, when he was 15 years old and nearly 7 feet tall, Alcindor was quick and skillful enough to make the high school All-American team and to lead Power to an undefeated season.

    From then on he simply got better. Some rival coaches(对方教练) used to take their teams quickly away from the floor before Power warmed up so that their players would not see him any sooner than they had to. Wearing size 16 D shoes and sucking a lollipop(棒棒糖), Alcindor would loosen up by starting his leaping lay-ups(擦板球). Then he would casually shoot the ball with either hand, to the delight of the fans.

    When reporters and photographers began to follow Alcindor closely, Donohue protected his boy firmly. He simply ordered Lew to talk to no member of the press, and this suited Lew fine. He was not comfortable talking to grown-ups, perhaps because he towered over them. Discouraged photographers began following him in secret as though he were an easily-frightened giraffe. Once after ducking into a subway to escape, Alcindor told a friend that it was all becoming like policemen and robbers. “People want you not for yourself,” Donohue warned him, “but because you’re a basketball player. Don’t forget that.”

1. Many schools offer Alcindor scholarships because ______.

  A. he was young                                    B. he was hardworking

  C. he was tall for his age                    D. he was skillful at playing basketball

2.. Which of the following best describes Donohue as a young coach?

  A. serious, popular and slow                          B. tall, skillful and successful

  C. kind, powerful and undefeated                   D. well-known, strict and experienced

3.. Why did some rival coaches take their teams away from the floor before Power warmed up?

  A. Their teams refused to play Power.             B. Their teams feared to see Alcindor.

  C. Their teams would lose courage.                 D. Their teams would lose interest.

4.. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?

  A. How Donohue protected Alcindor from the press.    

B. How Alcindor disliked meeting reporters.

  C. Why the press followed Alcindor closely.                 

D. Why the public wanted Alcindor badly.

. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ___ his notes.

  A. bringing up   B. referring to        C. looking for        D. trying on

People _________ hobbies which offer enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation．

       A．bring up        B．set up      C．pick up          D．take up

 “Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.

Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic is good for you, too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.

Unfortunately, not all of Mom’ s advice passed the test of medical studies, For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.

Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the test?

A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes.       B. Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth.

C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous.      D. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.

2. The author develops the third paragraph mainly            .

A. by cause and effect                B. by order in space

C. by order in time                  D. by examples

3. The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means”_____”.

A. to be believable        B. to be valuable         C. to be admirable        D. to be suitable

4.What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives tales” in the text?

A. Subjective       B. Objective           C. Dissatisfied             D. Curious

_________the fact that his first experiments had failed, Prof. Smith persisted in his research.

A. Although               B. Regardless           C. In spite of         D. In views of