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It’s necessary to use different ways to communicate for different purposes. Study, made by Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in New York, has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in e-mails.
Hancock made an investigation by asking 30 students to keep a communication diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or e-mail exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14% of e-mails, 21% of instant messages, 27% of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37% of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conferences on human computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.
Hancock says it is very important and effective whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know that they will be responsible for what they have said in the conversation. This is why fewer lies appear in e-mail than on the phone.
People are even more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call. Many lies are sudden or immediate responses to demands that they don’t expect.”
Hancock hopes his research will help many a company work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for selling their products where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is regarded as more important than others, might be best done using e-mail.
Hancock’s study on people 1. in different ways of communications | |
2. drawn from the statistics | Lies 3. when the communicating ways change from e-mails to instant messages, to face-to-face interactions and to phone calls. |
Reasons why people lie or don’t | ●People won’t lie when their 4. are recorded and reread, or when they know they should take the 5. for what they have said. ●People lie in real time mostly because they have to answer 6. questions without hesitation. |
Benefits that 7. can have from the study | ●Using telephones for 8. because their employees can stretch the truth. ●Using e-mails for work assessment because their employees must say what they have done 9. . |
Inference from the study | Suitable media should be chosen for different 10. purposes. |