Levi Strauss was born in 1829 in Bavaria, Germany．He was the fifth of six children．His father sold dry goods from door to door．(Dry goods include many different things：fabric, thread, scissors, combs, buttons, yarn, etc．)
In 1845, his father died．All six children decided to go to the United States．Two of Strauss' bothers started a dry goods company in New York City．Strauss' sister Fanny and her husband started a similar business in San Francisco．Strauss decided to go to the southeastern part of the United States．For eight years, he walked along the country roads selling dry goods from door to door-just like his father in Bavaria．
In 1853, Strauss decided to move to San Francisco．(At that time, thousands of people traveled to California to look for gold．)On the way to California, Strauss sold almost all of his dry goods．He had only one thing left－some canvas．
In California, Strauss tried to sell the canvas to the gold miners．He said they could make tents from the canvas．But they weren't interested in canvas for tents．Strauss didn't know what to do with the canvas．Then, he had an idea．Strauss could see that the miners needed new pants．There were holes in their pants because the fabric wasn't strong．He decided to make the canvas into pants．They called them“Levi's”．Later, Strauss stopped using canvas and used a different fabric．It was a heavy cotton fabric－the same kind people wear today．
Levi Strauss died in 1902．He never married and left his money to his nephews．He left the world much more－the jeans that so many people wear．
(1)
________ isn't a kind of dry goods．
[ ]
A．
Thread
B．
Gold
C．
Comb
D．
Yarn
(2)
What is canvas?
[ ]
A．
Tent．
B．
Pants．
C．
A very strong fabric．
D．
Anything which is used to make all kinds of trousers．
(3)
Why did the miners call the pants“Levi's”?
[ ]
A．
Because the pants belonged to Levi Strauss' father
B．
In memory of Levi Strauss' father．
C．
It's the name of Levi' Strauss' nephew．
D．
Because the pants are Levi's invention．
(4)
Which of the following is NOT true about Levi Strauss?
While Western culture has become used to the thumbs-up as a good signal(probably coming from World War II pilots using the signal to show that they were "good to go" with ground crews), there are cultures where a thumbs-up may land you in trouble．In West Africa, as well as Greece, Italy and Middle East, the thumbs-up is pretty much the biggest insult(侮辱)．
Rather more interesting is a thumbs-up in Germany and in parts of Japan－they just see it as the hand signal for the number one．
The "A-OK"
This sign is mainly used by divers(潜水员)to mean "OK"(to prevent being confused with the thumbs-up sign, which means "rise")．Basically the meaning comes out as "great", or "completely fine"．However, in a few countries in Europe, people may think you抮e telling them that you think they抮e a 'zero挘?/P>
The "V Sign"
The sign comes in two formats：one with the palm(手掌)faced outwards, and one with the palm inwards．In America they mean the same thing －"victory"．However, if the outside of your hand is facing your target(目标), you抮e giving somebody a long-built insult in Great Britain and many English-speaking countries such as Australia, Ireland and New Zealand．Winston Churchill famously used the "incorrect" version of the V sign during the early years of the war, turning the outside inside later．The V sign is also considered rude in Italy．
The "Corna"
The corna hand gesture has most recently been adopted by fans of rock and heavy metal music．Nowadays many Americans use the gesture simply to mean "rock on", or in support of the University of Texas in Austin(known as the "Hook抏m Horns")．Today it is still popular in Spain, Brazil and Slovakia．Historically, however, the symbol possibly dates back to Ancient Greece．
(1)
Which of the following signs doesn抰 have an insulting meaning?
[ ]
A．
The "Thumbs-Up"．
B．
The "A-OK"．
C．
The "V Sign"．
D．
The "Corna"．
(2)
What information can we get from the passage?
[ ]
A．
The "V Sign" was first used by Winston Churchill．
B．
Italians often use the "Thumbs-Up" to praise others．
C．
You are most likely to see the "Corna" in a heavy metal music concert．
D．
The "A-OK" and the "Thumbs-Up" have the same meaning to divers．
(3)
If you travel abroad, you 抎 better not use the "V Sign" in ________．
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