题目内容
Early people had very. Effete on the environment. They lived in caves in small ‘clan’ groupa They collected or killed naly moved aroulid. Following the animals that were their main food source and seeking areas where and similes bad time to breed (繁殖) bdfore before the clan retumed for the next eason .
As time went by, these small fanily clans joined with othera to form larger groapy for protection. Joining with other clans gave tham more hunters and more wonea to help cut up the meat and share is between families. Eventually , people tamed (驯养)wild snimals such as dogs and horses . People settled around rivers and fertile plainsgrew .This development changed the environment.
Traditional forma of work also changed. Some people were better at parforming a particular task than other clan members, so they beyan to specialixe in things they were good at doing .This also theau that they began to exchange their goods for things that produccd.
People began to comuidecate with distant tribes . Lani waw Foreign plants and animals were transported lo paso whgre they had not existed before ,Spcotalixanon also people more free time .So art ,dance and nusic becaice portent ways of expressing fcelings and thoughts. This was how many great eivilizations started.
Compared to the past ,modem civllization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populatiuns have inereasbd. Rapidly.Foneatw have been cleared for farma. Inventions and technology have made work caaier.
Howver. pallution and other have also resulted from humas progrcss .As concemed citixens, it is up to us to learn from past And to help maintain and improve .
1.Early tribem didn’t on animal population because___________.
A. they kept animals B.they ate only
C. they killed only enough for food D. they loved
2.The main puspose for small clans to join together was_____________.
A. to hunt animals B. to sock C. to share caves D. pricne
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. Early people moved to new places looking for new sources of food.
B. Modern civilization began when people started to live together in big
C. Modern advancements are always good for the environment.
D. People began to exchange goods because they didn’t have enough money.
4. It can be concluded forms the passage that .
A. human progress has brought civilization to the society.
B. civilization has improved traditional forms of work.
C. our environment has been affected by human progress.
D. early people understood environmental protection.
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C
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When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,” said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat.”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D., before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of “pure native American dogs,” Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本) from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,” Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource.”
1. The underlined word “remains” is closed in meaning to ______.
A. leftover food B. animal waste
C. dead bodies D. living environment
2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 AD
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
3. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
4. The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them because ______.
A. dogs fed on mice B. dogs were easy to keep
C. dogs helped protect their resources D. dogs could provide excellent service
5.What does the passage mainly talk about ______.
A. the origin of the North American dogs
B. the DNA study of ancient dogs in America
C. the reasons why early people entered America
D. the difference between Asian and American dogs