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People have the belief _______ factories should produce fewer things from raw materials, _______ the supply is growing smaller and smaller.

A. which; that B. that; of which

C. that; whose D. which; whose

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Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her mark. Without saying a word, she speaks to people with her kind eyes. Even when she walks away, she leaves an impression. Molly's mark is a smile, stamped into the ground by the horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg.

A few years ago, Molly was badly attacked by a dog. The dog bit all four of Molly’s legs and left large cuts in her face. Molly's owner, Kate Harris, took her to an animal hospital. Doctors there were able to save Molly’s life, but soon one of her legs became very infected (感染).

At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep. But Molly changed their minds. This pony, doctors noticed, shifted her weight, and rested her good leg from time to time. Doctors knew that Molly had amazing intelligence, and that she wanted to live.

Several doctors operated on Molly, and removed her infected leg. A false leg was made for her. The leg was a hollow cast with a pole at the bottom for balance. Doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of the leg. This horseshoe she had had a stamp of a smile face in it!

After the operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her! Now, with every step she takes, she stamps a smile in the dirt. But she leaves her mark in other ways, too.

Kaye Harris took Molly to the false leg center. There were children there who, like Molly, had artificial arms or legs. They were amazed to see a pony with a false leg. Molly made them smile and gave them hope. Soon, Molly began to visit schools, nursing homes, army bases and hospitals. A book was even written about Molly!

1.Molly is the name of a__________.

A. dog B. horseC. parent D. child

2.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Molly can speak to people in kind words.

B. Kay Harris took Molly to a children’s hospital after the attack.

C. In the beginning, doctors had planned to end Molly’s life.

D. Molly sometimes leaves smiling marks on people’s faces.

3.What is unique about Molly?

A. Molly has a false leg with a horseshoe shaped like a smiling face.

B. Molly ran a race and won the first prize.

C. Molly often visits places such as schools and parks.

D. Molly has become a symbol of hope for people of all ages.

Most academics would view a post at an elite university like Oxford or Harvard as the crowning achievement of a career—bringing both honour and access to better wine cellars. But scholars desire such places for reasons beyond glory. They believe perching on one of the topmost branches of the academic tree will also improve the quality of their work, by bringing them together with other geniuses with whom they can collaborate and who may help spark new ideas. This sounds reasonable. Unfortunately,as Albert Laszlo Barabasi of Northeastern University,in Boston (and also, it must be said, of Harvard), shows in a study published in Scientific Reports, it is not true.

Dr Barabasi and his team examined the careers of physicists who began publishing between 1950 and 1980 and continued to do so for at least 20 years. They ranked the impact of the institutions these people attended by counting the number of citations each institution’s papers received within five years of publication. By tracking the association of individual physicists and counting their citations in a similar way, Dr Barabasi was able to work out whether moving from a low to a high-ranking university improved a physicist’s impact. In total, he and his team analysed 2,725 careers.

They found that, though an average physicist moved once or twice during his career, moving from a low-rank university to an elite one did not increase his scientific impact. Going in the opposite direction, however, did have a small negative influence. The consequence is that elite university do not,at least as far as physicists are concerned,add value to output. That surprising conclusion is one which the authorities in countries such as Britain, who are seeking to concentrate expensive subjects such as physics in fewer, more elite institutions—partly to save money, but also to create what are seen as centers of excellence—might wish to consider.

1. What is the fundamental reason why scholars want to get a post at an elite university?

A. Their academic career can benefit from it.

B. It is an access to better wine cellars.

C. Reasons beside glory.

D. They can win honour.

2. On what basis did Dr Barabasi’s research team draw conclusions that getting a post at a higher-rank university won’t help scholastic impact?

A. His team examined the 20-year careers of physicists.

B. He came from Havard, a top-ranking university himself and knew it well.

C. Individual physicists’ citations by other authors increased within 5 years.

D. They ranked the physicists’ institutions according to citations to these universities’ paper.

3. Which of the following is true of Dr Barabasi’s research?

A. It proved that a post at an elite university helps academics.

B. It began in 1950 and ended in 1980.

C. It calculated the citations of the physicists’ institutions.

D. It is based on a lot more than 2,000 scholars of various fields.

Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style. But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.

Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of rubbish talk. The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.

Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.

Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middleclass Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.

1.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ________.

A. more interestingB. unusually popular

C. more detailedD. more formal

2.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows ________.

A. remain interested in them

B. are ready to face up to them

C. remain cold to them

D. are willing to get away from them

3.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?

A. A new type of robot.

B. Nation hatred.

C. Family income planning.

D. Street accident.

4.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows ________.

A. have become the only ones of its kind

B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature

C. appear at different times of the day

D. attract different people

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