题目内容

—A medical team was sent to Japan by air five hours ago.
—So they ______________ have arrived by now. The flight usually takes four hours or so

A.
might
B.
could
C.
must
D.
need

C
考察情态动词表示推测。Must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测。结合句意可知本题是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。句意：—一支医疗小分队五天前飞去了日本。—那么到现在他们肯定已经到了日本了。

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A medical team , ________ five experienced doctors and ten skilful nurses , was sent to the earthquake-stricken area in Turkey.

根据对话情景和内容，从对话后的选项中选出能入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Americans use the term “college students” to mean students either in colleges or universities. Not only that, Americans almost never say “going off to university” or “when I was in university. ”That sounds British. 1.

College, university: what’s the difference? 2. . Both offer undergraduate degrees in the arts and sciences, for example. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living.

But many colleges do not offer graduate studies. Another difference is that universities are generally bigger. 3.

Another place of higher education, especially in technical areas, is an institute, like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Yet even an institute of technology can offer a wide choice of programs and activities.

Modern universities developed from those of Europe in the Middle Ages. The word “university” came from the Latin universities, describing a group of people organized for a common purpose. 4. . In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. Usually each group was studying the same thing. So college came to mean an area of study.

The first American universities divided their studies into a number of areas and called each one a college. This is still true. 5. . For example, Harvard College is the undergraduate part of Harvard University.

Programs in higher learning can also be called schools, like a school of engineering or a medical school within a college or university. You know, learning all these terms is an education in itself.

A. A college can also be a part of a university.

B. There are more universities than colleges in the USA.

C. They offer more programs and do more research.

D. “College” came from collegium, a Latin word with a similar meaning.

E. Universities and colleges offer students different opportunities.

F. Instead, they say “going off to college” and “when I was in college.”

G. Colleges and universities have many things in common.

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.

Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.

57. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.

A. doing a medical experiment B. solving a math problem

C. visiting an exhibition D. doing scientific reasoning

58. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. active learning B. knowledge

C. communication D. passive learning

59. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.

A. a message may be changed when being passed on

B. a message should be delivered in different ways

C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

60. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.

NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.

Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase(抹去) the effect of painful memories.

In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatryat Harvard Medical School. : “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”

But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity（特质）. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.

“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist

53．The passage is mainly about .

A．a new medical invention

B．a new research on the pill

C．a way of erasing painful memories

D．an argument about the research on the pill

54．The drug tested on people can .

A．cause the brain to fix memories

B．stop people remembering bad experiences

C．prevent body producing certain chemicals

D．wipe out t he emotional effects of memories

55．We can infer from the passage that .

A．people doubt t he effects of the pills

B．the pill will stop people’s bad experiences

C．taking the pill will do harm to people’s health

D．the pill has probably been produced in America

56．Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?

A．Some memories can ruin people’s lives.

B．People want to get rid of bad memories.

C．Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

D．The pill will reduce people’s sufferings from bad memories.

New York: Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defence against getting ill, new study findings suggest.

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help protect us from the common cold and other illnesses.

Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective----as in happiness improving immune, function----and subjective----as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or funny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.

The researchers gave them nasal(鼻的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

1.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Stay Away From Being Negative

B. Positive or Negative, It’s Up To You

C. An Effective Medicine For Being Fit

D. Warm People Likely To Keep Cold Away

2.According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold is that ___________________.

A. their cheerful mood benefits the immune system

B. they have developed a certain gene against flu virus

C. they are less likely to have s sore throat and funny nose

D. they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health

3.The underlined word “disposition” (paragraph 2) probably means ________.

A. character B. day C. future D. occupation

4.The passage is probably written for ___________________.

A. medical students B. lead authors C. the public D. the volunteers

—A medical team was sent to Japan by air five hours ago.—So they ______________ have arrived by now. The flight usually takes four hours or so

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—A medical team was sent to Japan by air five hours ago.
—So they ______________ have arrived by now. The flight usually takes four hours or so