Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid．At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air．But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid．T．Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball．His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements．All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there．
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence．We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back．But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old．In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen．When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear．If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train．This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence．But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case．The researcher substituted(替换)a ball for the train when it went behind the screen．The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train．But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换)．Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object．
(1)
The passage is mainly about．
[ ]
A．
babies' understanding of objects
B．
effects of experiments on babies
C．
babies' sense of sight
D．
different tests on babies' feelings
(2)
What did Bower use in his experiments?
[ ]
A．
A chair
B．
A box
C．
A film
D．
A screen
(3)
Which of the following statements is true?
[ ]
A．
The babies didn't have a sense of direction．
B．
The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion．
C．
The younger babies liked looking for missing objects
The country of Chile is struggling to recover from one of the most powerful earthquakes in history．The quake struck the South American nation early Saturday morning．It registered 8．8 on the Richter scale．Ex-perts say the earthquake in Chile is among the five most powerful earthquakes ever recorded．
The epicenter of the earthquake is about 70 miles north of the city of Concepci6n．The area has been rocked by dozens of aftershocks since the big quake hit on Saturday morning．
On Sunday, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet updated reports on the toll the earthquake has taken．“It’s an enormous catastrophe,” she said．Countless buildings and roadways have been destroyed or badly damaged．Rescuers continued to work around the clock to find survivors who may be trapped under the rub-ble of fallen buildings．Government officials estimate more than 2 million people have lost their homes．
Bachelet assured people that food and medical aid were on the way．Ten thousand members of the Chil-ean military have been dispatched to help in the relief and recovery efforts．Many of the country’s major gro-cery stores have started giving away basic food and supplies to people in the affected areas．Secretary-Gener-al of the United Nations spoke to President Bachelet by telephone．He assured her that the United Nations“stands ready to assist the Chilean government’s rescue and recovery efforts ”．
The earthquake in Chile comes less than two months after the 7．0 magnitude earthquake that Haiti suf-fered in January．Although the earthquake in Chile was more powerful than the one in Haiti，the damage is unlikely to be as severe．Earthquakes are more common in Chile，and many buildings and homes there are constructed to withstand tremors better．Also，the area of Chile most affected by this earthquake is not asheavily populated as Port-au-Prince, where the epicenter of the Haitian quake was located．Furthermore, Chile is one of South America’s richest, best-organized countries．Its government has more supplies and people available to effectively respond to national emergencies．
The energy released by the quake caused shock waves to roll across the Pacific Ocean in the form of tsu-namis(海啸)that have the potential to do great damage to coastal areas．Some of these waves struck the Chilean coast，causing major damage to seaside towns．Coastal communities in Russia，Japan，and the Unit-ed States were concerned，too，but there were no reports of severe damage from the waves that eventually reached the countries’shores．
(1)
Who is leading the earthquake relief efforts in Chile?
[ ]
A．
The Chilean government and military．
B．
Geologists and other scientists．
C．
The United Nations peacekeeping forces．
D．
Secretary-General of the United Nations．
(2)
The damage from Chile’s earthquake is not expected to be as severe as the damage from Haiti’s quake．Which could not be the reason for it?
[ ]
A．
Chile is one of the richest，best-organized countries in South America．
B．
Chile has constructed many buildings for the people．
C．
Chile knows how to respond to a national emergency．
D．
The epicenter area of the Chile earthquake is less heavily populated than that of the Haiti’s quake．
(3)
One result of the earthquake in Chile was ________．
