The story of the touchstone(探金石) tells of a man who was told that if he could find the touchstone, its magical powers could give him anything he wanted. It could be found, he was 31 , among the pebbles (卵石) of a beach. All he need to do is  32  a stone.If it feels warm, the magical touchstone is 33 .
The man rushed to the beach without delay. When he  34 a pebble that felt cold, he threw it into the sea. He  35 this practice for weeks. Each pebble felt cold, and each pebble was  36 thrown into the sea..
But one morning, he  37 to take hold of a pebble that felt  38 , unlike the other stones. The man, who had  39 noticed the difference, threw it into the sea. He hadn’t  40 to, but he had formed a habit that can be  41 to break.
Any behavior one   42 is strengthened. Repeated often enough, it becomes a(n)  43 . A Spanish proverb says, “Habits are first cobwebs (蜘蛛网), then cables (钢索).” It works well for  44 habits that first trap us like a cobweb. And if we continue the behavior, the  45 grows stronger and can be as difficult to break as a steel cable.  46 some habits can work in our  47 , such as patterns of our lives, positive attitudes and healthy ways of thinking. We form our habits, then our habits form us  48  .
When it  49 habits, practice may not make perfect. But practice will certainly make permanent. So form the habits you want and let them 50  you into the person you want to be.

【小题1】
A.trickedB.informedC.introducedD.traced
【小题2】
A.look onB.cut intoC.knock downD.pick up
【小题3】A made            B. found           C. controlled          D. offered
【小题4】
A.knewB.showedC.graspedD.grabbed
【小题5】
A.decidedB.stoppedC.requiredD.continued
【小题6】
A.immediatelyB.frequentlyC.greatlyD.happily
【小题7】
A.triedB.decidedC.hopedD.happened
【小题8】
A.smoothB.roughC.warmD.cold
【小题9】
A.commonlyB.necessarilyC.hardlyD.quickly
【小题10】
A.designedB.determinedC.failedD.meant
【小题11】
A.hardB.easyC.likelyD.sure
【小题12】
A.forgetsB.showsC.adjustsD.repeats
【小题13】
A.addictionB.instructionC.habitD.regret
【小题14】
A.annoyingB.oldC.influentialD.bad
【小题15】
A.lineB.webC.spiritD.feeling
【小题16】
A.ThenB.ThusC.ButD.Because
【小题17】
A.favorB.memoryC.honorD.wish
【小题18】
A.in forceB.in additionC.in returnD.in vain
【小题19】
A.leads toB.comes toC.belongs toD.points to
【小题20】
A.adjustB.formC.transferD.shape

A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.
Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.     
University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.
Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.
The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.
The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.
Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.
The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.
【小题1】What is TRUE about the Framingham Study?

A.It was only conducted in 1948.
B.It involves more than 12,000 participants.
C.It was led by John Cacioppo.
D.It showed that any behavior could spread.
【小题2】 Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?
A.The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.
B.No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.
C.Women are more likely to be affected than men.
D.Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.
【小题3】 What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Actions should be taken to help lonely people.
B.People feel lonely for many reasons.
C.Ways to fight against loneliness.
D.Lonely people can affect others.

Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the website you’ve visited or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping calling habits
In fact, it’s likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself partly to friends, family and lovers at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to know who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no”.
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. 60 percent of respondents say they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me”.
But people say one thing and do another. Only a small number of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. Privacy economist Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will give up personal information like social security numbers just to get their hands on a 50-cents-off coupon. But privacy does matter-at least sometimes. It’s like health: when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
【小题1】What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?

A.Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B.Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C.There should be a distance even between friends.
D.There should be fewer arguments between friends.
【小题2】Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”?
A.Modern society has finally developed into an open society.
B.People leave traces around when using modern technology.
C.There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs.
D.Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.
【小题3】According to the passage, privacy is like health in that _____.
A.people will make every effort to keep it
B.its importance is hardly understood
C.It is something that can easily be lost
D.people don’t value it until they lose it
【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Value your health.
B.Treasure your privacy.
C.Boundaries are important between friends.
D.The information age has its own shortcomings.

A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.

Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.

University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.

Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.

The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.

The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.

Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.

The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.

1.What is TRUE about the Framingham Study?

A. It was only conducted in 1948.

B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.

C. It was led by John Cacioppo.

D. It showed that any behavior could spread.

2.Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?

A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.

B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.

C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.

3.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people.

B. People feel lonely for many reasons.

C. Ways to fight against loneliness.

D. Lonely people can affect others.

 

A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease.

Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.

Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.

University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.

Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.

The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.

The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.

Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.

The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.

1. What is true about the Framingham Study?

A. It was only conducted in 1948.        B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.

C. It was led by John Cacioppo          D. It showed that any behavior could spread.

2. From the passage, we can learn that            .

A. the habit of littering doesn’t spread

B. a lonely person won’t have friends

C. everyone may be affected by others’ loneliness

D. lonely people don’t know the cause of their loneliness

3. Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?

A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.

B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.

C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.

4. If you make 10 more friends in a year, the days of your feeling loneliness will be reduced by            .

A. 48 days           B. 25 days      C. 20 days      D. 15 days

5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people.  B. People feel lonely for many reasons.

C. Ways to fight against loneliness.             D. Lonely people can affect others.

 

 

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