题目内容
When it comes to getting older, humans aren't so special after all. It turns out their pattern of aging isn't too different from most other primates, such as chimps, monkeys and baboons, new research shows.
A team led by Anne Bronikowski of studied data on primate aging collected over decades around the world and compared it with statistics on modern Americans. Aging was defined as the increased risk of dying from natural causes while getting older. Some experts have thought that because people have relatively long life spans, humans aged differently from other mammals.
The research team believed that any major difference between humans and primates was most likely to show up with modern people, rather than a hunter-gatherer culture, Bronikowski said in a telephone interview. "And the fact that we don't find a difference there is more compelling."
The basic pattern they found is a relatively high risk of dying in infancy(幼儿时期), a low risk of death during the juvenile years and then an increased risk of dying as aging progressed. Also, they found that in most cases males don't live as long as females. The authors wrote it in a study published online Thursday in the Journal Science.
The only exception to the general pattern was the muriqui monkey in Brazil ; males and females have similar life spans. Unlike other primates, muriqui males do not compete with each other for access to females. Instead, they cooperate with each other, explained co-author Karen Strier, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin who has studied muriquis since 1982. The researchers said the reason males of other species die earlier than females may be a result of stress of competition.
Joseph W. Kemnits of the Wisconsin National Primate Research Ceter called the study “an important step” because it provides the first assessment of patterns of aging in large populations of nonhuman primates living in their natural environments. Kemnits was not part of the research team.
“The study of other primates contributes to understanding human aging because we share so much of our basic physiology,” added anthropology professor Kristen Hawkes of the , who was not part of the research team.
67. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Humans and apes have similar aging pattern.
B. Males don’t live as long as females.
C. Humans aged differently from other mammals.
D. Males and females have similar life spans.
68. Who is the research team member?
A. Bronikowski. B. Karen Strier. C. Kemnits. D. Hawkes.
69. The underlined word “juvenile” in . 4 refers to ______.
A. old B. early C. adolescent D. babyhood
70. Which section does the passage belong to?
A. Entertainment. B. Science. C. Politics. D. Technology.
AACB
it is 55 that one day it will be a useful companion.
7a robot that moves around a home should be.
C. difficulty D. foot
D. designGallows humor(黑色幽默) may seem like a mistake, or at least in poor taste. But psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress.“Humor makes you feel in control and it can give you that feeling that everything is okay even when it’s not,”says James M.Jones, a psychology professor at the University of Delaware.
Psychologists say that just because you’re laughing doesn’t mean you’re wasting time. Occasional tease among colleagues, particularly if it is associated with the job, can inspire creativity, departmental cohesiveness(凝聚力) and performance.
“There are a lot of stresses out there,”says Ed Dunkelblau, a psychologist in Chicago.“Gallows humor is a way of making difficult things a little less difficult.”
This is as long as the humor is used for the right purpose. The main point of it should be inspiring people—not laughing at them. “Anything that would lift morale(士气) in terms of the company would be good humor,”says Thierry Guedj, a professor.
You want to give your employees and co-workers a sense of belonging, so don’t make observations that are aggressive. Most obviously, Dr. Guedj says, don’t make comments about people’s physical appearance or faith. If you have any doubt about its appropriateness, don’t go through with it.
Or you can take aim at the person that you know won’t be offended(冒犯): yourself. “If there’s going to be a joke or story, it should be you,”Mr Dunkelblau says.
“People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves, too,”Mr Jones says.“And if you can laugh at yourself, you feel better about yourself.”
1.According to the passage, gallows humor has the following functions EXCEPT .
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A．leading to a big mistake |
B．reducing pressure |
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C．making people more creative |
D．improving performance |
2.What is Ed Dunkelblau’s attitude towards gallows humor?
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A．Negative. |
B．Positive. |
C．Neutral.(中立的) |
D．Uncertain. |
3.When people use gallows humor, they should .
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A．observe who is aggressive |
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B．show a sense of belonging |
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C．doubt about the result of humor |
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D．try to avoid involving private things |
4.What can we infer from the passage?
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A．People tend to laugh at others rather than themselves. |
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B．Laughing at yourself can make others free from stress. |
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C．People can’t avoid offending others with gallows humor. |
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D．People who laugh at themselves are easy to gain others’ permission. |
Most people feel lonely sometimes，but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours，This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact，it is quite normal．For some people，though，loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say loneliness comes in three different types．
The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention．The second kind is situation，for example，family problem，the death of a loved one，or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems，such as headaches and sleeplessness，it usually does not last for more than a year．The third kind of loneliness is the most serious．Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of‘temporary’) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others．Unfortunately，many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
Psychologists(心理学家) agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts，for example，friends，family members，co-workers，etc．We depend on various people for different reasons．For instance．our family give us emotional support，our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our fiends share similar interests and activities．
However，psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts，they sometimes feel they should have more．They question their popularity．
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons：they are unhappy and unable to socialize arid there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease，while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad，and sometimes dangerous condition．
1.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
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A．Talk to friends． |
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B．Go to see a doctor． |
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C．Just ignore it． |
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D．Ask your teacher for guidance． |
2.Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?
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A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems． |
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B．Chronic loneliness is incurable． |
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C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome． |
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D．Chronic loneliness call cause serious illness． |
3.Loneliness is divided according to ________．
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A．the time it lasts |
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B．the places where it appears |
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C．different people it happen to |
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D．different seasons when it appears |