题目内容

They ________ the train until it disappeared in the distance.

    A. saw           B. watched          C. noticed          D. observed

 

【答案】

B

【解析】 略

 

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Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.

Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.

The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.

Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.

When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.

As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.

Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate        .

A．children’s and adults’ eye-sight

B．people’s ability to see accurately

C．children’s and adults’ brains

D．the influence of people’s age

When asked to find the larger circle,        .

A．children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around

B．only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around

C．children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around

D．adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around

According to the passage, we can know that        .

A．a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background

B．an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size

C．a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size

D．a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size

Visual context may work when children get older than        .

A．4                           B．6                            C．10                          D．18

Why are younger children not fooled?

A．Because they are smarter than older children and adults.

B．Because older people are influenced by their experience.

C．Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.

D．Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.

6. The main reason for one is poor memory is that ________.

A. his father or mother may have a poor memory

B. he does not use his arms or legs for some time

C. his memory is not often used

D. he can't read or write

7. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time ________.

A. you can't use them any more

B. they will become stronger

C. they become weak and won't become strong until you use them again

D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker

8. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.

B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don't give it enough chance for practice.

C. Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.

D. A good memory comes from more practice.

9. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because ________.

A. they have save much trouble

B. they have saved much time to remember things

C. they have to use their memories all the time

D. they can't write everything in a little notebook

10. Which is the BEST title for this passage?

A. Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs  

B. How To Have a Good Memory

C. Strong Arms And Good Memories 

D. Learn From the People

The stereotype (固有观念) of computer scientists as nerds who stay up all night coding and have no social life may be driving women away from the field, according to a new study published this month. This stereotype can be brought to mind based only on the appearance of the environment in a classroom or an office.

“When people think of computer science the image that immediately pops into many of their minds is about the computer geek(怪人) surrounded by such things as computer games, science fiction and junk food，” said Sapna Cheryan, a university of Washington assistant professor of psychology and the study's lead author. “That stereotype doesn't appeal to many women who don't like the portrait of masculinity(男性化)．”

Cheryan set up four experiments involving more than 250 female and male students who were not studying computer science to look at possible reasons why the proportion of women in the field is dropping while the proportion of women in such disciplines as biology, mathematics and chemistry is increasing.

In the first experiment, students entered a small classroom that either contained objects stereotypically associated with computer science such as Star Trek posters, video game boxes and Coke cans, or non－stereotypical items such as nature posters, art, a dictionary and coffee cups. The students were told to ignore these objects because the room was being shared with another class. After spending several moments in the classroom, the students filled out questionnaires(调查问卷) that asked about their attitude toward computer science.

Women exposed to the stereotypical setup expressed less interest in computer science than those who saw the non－stereotypical objects. Men placed in the same situations did not show a similar drop in interest in computer science. Cheryan said this study suggests that a student's choice of classes or a major can be influenced by the appearance of classrooms, halls and offices.

6. The underlined word “nerds” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to “________”．

A. dull persons  B. active persons

C. intelligent persons  D. funny persons

7. Women are less likely to choose computer science because ________.

A. it is too difficult for them

B. they have wrong understanding of it

C. the lifestyle of computer scientists turns them away

D. they don't like the social life of computer scientists

8. A woman would probably lose interest in computer science when she sees a ________.

A. Star Trek poster               B. nature poster

C. dictionary                   D. coffee cup

9. What can influence a woman's choice of classes, according to the passage?

A. The contents of computer science.

B. The space in the classroom.

C. The number of students in the classroom.

D. The classroom environment.

10. According to the experiment, women are more likely to choose computer science if ________.

A. it is made more lively and interesting

B. they are exposed to the stereotypical setup

C. they see the non－stereotypical objects in the classroom

D. they are allowed to learn it without men

The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct .

A．solutionB．targetC．measureD．function


II. 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选中，选出最佳选项。
Sussie and I have been friends since primary school, for more than twenty years. Our friendship has   36  constant（不变的）. We have seen each other through all the times when we really need a friend. In   37   of our friendship, Sussie and I took our first   38  trip together.
The first day of our trip ended in New Jersey.   39  with the long drive, we decided to go to the restaurant for dinner. We sat down and   40   our meal. As we talked, I noticed a(n)   41  couple sitting a short distance away from us. The look of  adoration on the woman’s face  42   me. She stared into the face of the man as he talked,   43   me of a teenager in love!
I called Sussie’s  44  to the couple. As we watched, the man reached   45  to place a gentle kiss on the woman’s cheek. She   46 . “Now that’s what I call real love! I imagine they’ve been married for a long time.” I said. “  47  maybe,” remarked Sussie, “They haven’t been together long.” “Well, whatever the case, it’s   48  they care much for each other,” I said.
Sussie and I watched and listened  49  to their conversation. She smiled and  50   whatever he said. We were touched by the warm scene we were witnessing. Then the  51  changed. The woman’s wrinkled but beautiful face was suddenly covered with a   52  look. She asked the man in a sweet voice, “Do I know you? What is this place?” “You know me. I’m Ralph, your husband. We’re in New Jersey, ” the man said. “Oh, I   53   to have forgotten. I’m not sure,” she said. “That’s okay, sweetheart. You’ll be all right,” he   54  her, kissing her cheek again. Tears coursed down our cheeks as Sussie and I looked at each other. “We were right,” she said   55 . “It is the real thing. That is love.”
36. A. become                B. grown                     C. remained                  D. developed
37. A. congratulation          B. terms                       C. favor               D. celebration
38. A. air                         B. car                      C. boat                         D. train
39. A. Bored                    B. Suffered                   C. Tired                  D. Excited
40. A. cooked                  B. ordered                    C. prepared                   D. finished
41. A. young                    B. elderly                            C. friendly                    D. rich
42. A. scared                    B. astonished                C. attracted                   D. bothered
43. A. showing                    B. reminding                C. telling                 D. introducing
44. A. attention                B. intention                  C. time                         D. idea
45. A. away                     B. off                           C. around                       D. over
46. A. smiled                   B. disagreed                  C. angered                    D. moved
47. A. Or                         B. Though                    C. Therefore                 D. Otherwise
48. A. natural                   B. obvious                    C. important                 D. moving
49. A. madly                    B. silently                C. unashamedly             D. carefully
50. A. picked up               B. stuck to                    C. agreed with                D. questioned on
51. A. place                     B. scene                       C. topic                        D. sense
52. A. discouraged            B. surprised                  C. disappointed            D. confused
53. A. need                      B. feel                         C. seem                        D. use
54. A. told                       B. answered                  C. comforted                D. encouraged
55. A. quickly                  B. eagerly                     C. cheerfully                 D. thoughtfully

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