If you want to pass the exam.you must take greatpains to prepare your lessons．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

14．If you want to pass the exam，you must take greatpains（pain） to prepare your lessons．

分析如果你想通过考试，你必须努力准备你的功课．

解答答案：pains
考查单词填空．take pains to do sth．意为"努力做某事"，是固定搭配．

点评考查单词填空，准确地理解题意、然后根据题意及提示确定所填单词形式，正确写出单词完成答题．

练习册系列答案

5．My soccer coach retired in last week．

2．Putting more green space around an elementary school may help students develop some mental abilities，a study suggests．
Researchers tested students repeatedly over the course of a year on attentiveness（注意力） and working memory，which is the ability to keep something in mind temporarily for performing a task．Overall，students whose schools were surrounded by more green space improved more than pupils from schools with less green space．
The study tracked more than 2，000students in 36primary schools in Barcelona，Spain．The pupils were in the second to fourth grades when the study began．
Green space may help mental development in part by reducing air pollution from vehicles，according to an analysis by the researchers that included pollution data from the schools．
It may also help by reducing noise and encouraging physical activity，researchers said in a paper released Monday by the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences．
"Policy makers should know that more green around the school is better for cognitive（认知的） development and that they should make sure that kids can see and play in green areas，"one author，Mark Nieuwenhuijsen of the Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona，said in an email．
"Existing urban schools should think about replacing concrete or other hard surfaces with green space，and even a few trees may help，"he suggested．
The researchers used satellite images to group schools according to how much green space appeared on the school grounds and within about 55yards of the school's property．Their analysis indicated that differences in socio-economic（社会经济学的） factors between schools did not account for the study outcome．
Sally Augustin，a psychologist in La Grange Park，Illinois，who uses research on how people react to their surroundings to consult on design of buildings，products and services，said the results made sense to her．
Augustin，who did not participate in the new study，said the results fit with previous findings that views of nature help children and adults lower stress and perform mental tasks better．
33．What do we know about the findings of the study？D
A．Attentiveness is the most important quality for students
B．A good memory enable students to perform a task better
C．School surrounded by more green space are favored by parents
D．More green space may help the mental development of students
34．According to Mark Nieuwenhuijsen，policy makers shouldB
A．reduce the noise near the school
B．provide more green space for kids
C．reduce air pollution from vehicles
D．encourage kids to play more sports
35．Why is Augustin mentioned in the passage？C
A．To introduce another interesting study
B．To present Augustin's view about the study
C．To make the findings of the study more convincing
D．To show a different viewponit．

9．The largest land animal remaining on the earth，the African elephant is of much importance to African ecosystem．Unlike other animals，the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment．As a giant plant-eater，it significantly shapes the forest-ad-savanna （大草原） surroundings in which it lives，therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat．
It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it both a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat．In its continuous search for the 300pounds of plants it must have every day，it kills small trees and underbushes，as well as pulls branches off big trees．This results in numerous open spaces in not only deep tropical foress but also the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas．In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth，which attract a variety of other plant-eaters．
Take the rain forests for example．In their natural state，the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor．By pulling down trees and eating plants，elephants create open spaces，allowing nw plants to grow on the forest floor．In such situations，the forests become suitable for large-hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small-sized plant-eaters to obtain their food as well．
Scientists are worried now that the African elephant has become an endangered species．If the elephant dies out，scientists say，many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna，greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem．
32．What is the passage mainly about？C
A．Disappearance of African elephants．
B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants．
C．The effect of African elephants'search for food．
D．The eating habit of African elephants．
33．The African elephant influences the ecosystem in the following ways except thatB．
A．it creates open areas in deep tropical forests as well as woodlands
B．it puls off the branches and leaves，shutting out the sunshine
C．its eating habit can be made use of by large-hoofed and small-sized animals
D．it encourages some kinds of plants growing in an indirect way
34．What does the underlined phrase"setting the terms"most probably mean？A
A．Deciding the conditions．
B．Worsening the state．
C．Improving the quality．
D．Fixing the time．
35．The passage is developed mainly byD．
A．presenting the changes in time order
B．making comparisons and giving examples
C．classifying similarities and differences
D．showing the effect and then explaining the reasons．

19．Since the time when the Romans first settled on the Danube River and built one of their most important central European forts （堡垒），Vindobona，the city we now know as Vienna，has played a very important role in European history．Austria grew up around the city and developed into a strong empire （帝国）．The capital became a famous place during the rule of the Habsburg dynasty．
Today，Vienna is one of the most popular tourist spots in Austria as well as a major center of modern business and culture．Many different cultures have fused their cultural identities to produce the amazing Viennese culture．It is said that the most beautiful German is spoken in this old city．
A city of music，cafes，waltzes，parks，cakes，and wine-that's Vienna．Famous composers such as Mozart，Beethoven and Schubert made Vienna into a city of music．Vienna also has a lot to ffer in art and architecture．Yet the bars and clubs make a trip to Vienna an unforgettable experience．Vienna's cooking diversity is also impressive．Dumpling soup，tender boiled beef and apple rolls are typical Austrian dishes．
The face of the city has changed time and again due to war，victory，defeat，the death of an empire and the birth of a republic，foreign occupation （占领），and the passage of time．Fortunately，the Viennese character-a strict devotion to the good life-has remained solid．
25．What can we know about Vienna in the past？C
A．It used to be a business center．
B．People there had beautiful voices．
C．Austria developed around this city．
D．There were some forts in this city．
26．What does the underlined word"fused"in Paragraph 2mean？A
A．Melted．
B．Learned．
C．Referred．
D．Protected．
27．Which of the following items about Vienna are mentioned in this passage？B
①music ②culture ③weather ④history ⑤food ⑥government ⑦art
A．①④⑤⑥
B．②④⑤⑦
C．④⑤⑥⑦
D．②③④⑤

6．侄女 n．niece．

3．More than three years after moving from Australia to this remote part of England，we are still learning how things are done here．
Not too long after we arrived and unpacked，we were invited for"a drink on Sunday morning"by a retired couple nearby．We got there about noon，to find the living-room crowded-lots of chat and discussions，and in all a very jolly occasion．
Trouble was，there was no food-no self-respecting Australian would regard a tray of crisps as food．In Sydney，when you are invited for a drink any time after midday on a Sunday，you know you will be fed as well as watered and you plan accordingly．However，the hardworking little woman seemed to have no plans to cook lunch or take us to eat out．
By one-fifteen my stomach was sending up"please explain"to me．Even the crisps had gone．There was nothing we could do except wait，and wonder if the hostess was going to perform some magic and feed us fashionably late．Then，as quickly as word had spread that there was free beer at the local pub，the room emptied．By one-forty-five there were only a few guests left，so we decided to go home．The little woman was not really interested in real cooking for us．
A few weeks ago we were invited out for"supper"and the hostess suggested 8：15．Ah，we thought greedily，"this is going to be the real thing．"
We dressed with some care-I putting on a dark suit-and arrived on time．My wife looked pretty good，I thought-a little black dress and so on．But when we walked in I had a terrible feeling we had got the night wrong because the hostess was dressed in a daytime kind of way and the husband was in jeans and an open-neck shirt．But no，we were greeted and shown into the sitting-room．
After a drink I looked around and saw that this was indeed a superior cottage because it had a （more or less） separate dining-room．But there were no signs of a table-setting．Not again!I thought．Were we meant to eat before we came？I decided that in future my wife and I would always carry a chocolate bar．About 9：28our hostess went out of the room，saying something about food．Ten minutes later she returned and asked us to follow．We were led out to the kitchen．There on the table were country style plates and a huge bowl of soup，rough bread and all the makings of a simple meal．And that is what it was．In other words we had not read the signals right when we were invited for"supper"．If they want you to come to dinner，they say so，and you know that means dark suits and so on．If they mean supper，they say it，and you get fed in the kitchen．
28．When the author and his wife were invited out for"a drink on Sunday morning"，they thoughtA．
A．they would be given lunch as well
B．they would be the only people there
C．they would be taken to a restaurant for lunch
D．they would be asked to take some food with them
29．The"party"had been going on for about an hour and three quarters whenD．
A．everyone had crisps for lunch
B．the hostess decided to feed her guests
C．most of the guests went to lunch at the pub
D．the author realized he would go home hungry
30．When invited out for"supper"a few weeks later，the writerB．
A．arrived on the wrong evening
B．expected to be served a proper dinner
C．interpreted the invitation correctly this time
D．realized there was no dining-room in the cottage
31．As the evening passed，the writer became aware thatD．
A．he should，in future，eat only chocolate in the evening
B．no one used their dining-rooms in the countryside
C．he should have had a meal before going out
D．"supper"meant a simple，informal meal．

4．A good joke can be the hardest thing to understand when studying a foreign language．As a recent article in The Guardian newspaper noted，"There's more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar．"
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as an incredible ice-breaker for a language learner eager to form friendships with native speakers．"I always felt that humor was a ceiling that I could never break through，"Hannah Ashley，a public relations account manager in London，who once studied Spanish in Madrid．told The Guardian，"I could never speak to people on the same level as I would speak to a native English speaker．I almost came across as quite a boring person because all I could talk about was facts．"
In fact，most of the time，jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural background or understand humor in the same way．Chinese-American comedian Joe Wong found this out first-hand．He had achieved huge success in the US，but when he returned to China in 2008 for his first live show in Beijing，he discovered that people didn't think his Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones．
In Australia，meanwhile many foreigners find understanding jokes about sports to be the biggest headache．"The hardest jokes are related to rugby because I know nothing about rugby，"said Melody Cao，who was once a student in Australia．"When I heard jokes I didn't get，I just laughed along．"
In the other two major English-speaking countries，the sense of humor is also different．British comedian Simon Pegg believes that while Britons use irony-basically，saying something they don't mean to make a joke-every day，people in the US don't see the point of using it so often．"British jokes tend to be more subtle and dark，while American jokes are more obvious with their meanings，a bit like Americans themselves，"he wrote in The Guardian．

67．The writer quoted the sentence，"There's more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar．"to show thatD．
A．making jokes can help you make friends with native speakers
B．local jokes can help you to understand the local culture better．
C．understanding jokes requires a good knowledge of vocabulary and grammar．
D．to understand its jokes，you'd better learn the culture．
68．What can we guess about Hannah Ashley？D
A．She feels confident in using Spanish．
B．She believes that one had better rely on facts when speaking a foreign language．
C．She thinks that Spanish people do not have much of a sense of humor．
D．She feels that not being able to share their humor makes her seem boring to Spanish people．
69．Joe Wong is used as an example toA．
A．show that there are cultural differences in humor
B．prove that it can be difficult to translate jokes
C．suggest that bilingual people have no problems in making people laugh
D．show that the expressing ability affects the sense of humor
70．From the article，we can learn thatC．
A．jokes about sports are the most difficult ones for foreign people who have different cultural backgrounds
B．Americans might not be able to enjoy British jokes
C．not all English native speakers can understand English jokes easily
D．British people's dark jokes often make people uncomfortable．

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