They organized an expedition to Everest．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

They organized an expedition to Everest．

答案：
解析：

他们组织了珠穆朗玛峰之行。

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She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother. And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).

Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.

To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.

“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though. “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.

It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.

1.SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.

A. she is a superhero

B. she has experienced such conditions a lot

C. she is a mental patient

D. she has no sense of fear

2.Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.

A. The function of a particular organ

B. SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety

C. The process of removing amygdale

D. A special way to get along with monsters

3.What do we know from the research on SM?

A. It was easy for her to avoid danger.

B. SM never felt fearful but disgusted.

C. SM was frightened by nothing except monsters.

D. SM got along well with the snakes.

4.What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM?

A. Indifferent B. Supportive C. Disapproving D. Interested

5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. People can remove their amygdala to be fearless.

B. SM will be admired because of her bravery.

C. No one can survive if their amygdala is removed.

D. The sense of fear is crucial to humans.

Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant her life was in constant 1 .

Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very small: finding a donor heart that 2 Maria’s blood type could take years. However, Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept 3 hospitals all over the country.

Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble 4 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a 5 of the hospital, crying.

“Are you okay?” a man asked.

Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her story. This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t 6 it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to 7 something from herself. Could her

8 go to Carmen’s mother?

After reviewing the data, doctors 9 Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect fit for Carmen’s mother. They were able to 10 the transplant.

That cold night, when Cheryl was 11 dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was 12 for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange bond as they hugged and cried.

On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s 13 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.”

One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria 14 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was 15 in another loving mother’s chest.

1. A. change B. danger C. disorder D. pain

2. A. matched B. replaced C. controlled D. cooperated

3. A. finding B. phoning C. hoping D. interrupting

4. A. leaving B. taking C. walking D. Carrying

5. A. corner B. bed C. man D. nurse

6. A. put B. support C. pass D. make

7. A. save B. recycle C. donate D. separate

8. A. heart B. mind C. organ D. spirit

9. A. informed B. introduced C. congratulated D. reminded

10.A. give up B. carry out C. search after D. put off

11.A. noticed B. predicted C. found D. declared

12.A. praying B. begging C. thinking D. expecting

13. A. funeral B. operation C. conference D. anniversary

14.A. passed away B. woke up C. left behind D. went on

15. A. active B. alive C. conveyed D. Transformed

阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

　　Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)

___________

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________________

How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.

What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.

Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.

A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（横截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.

Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.

CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.

1.What is NOT true of a CAT scan?

A．It is safer than regular X rays.

B．It makes use of computer techniques.

C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.

D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.

2.The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to .

A．a badly injured part inside the body

B．a new thing that is unknown to the doctor

C．a strange organ that has grown in the body

D．an object that gets inside the body by chance

3.What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

A．It provides clear photos of moving organs.

B．It can take 3-dimension（三维）pictures of inside organs.

C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.

4.We can infer from this passage that .

A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation

B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners

C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines

D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it

5.The best title of this passage might be .

A．the Newest Medical Invention

B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives

C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays

D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

No one really knows how and why people change as they get older. Also, no theory sufficiently explains all the changes of the aging process. Aging is a complex and varied process that varies in how it affects different people and organs. In fact, even in one person , different organ systems “age “ at a different rate.

At a certain point in our lives our body systems will begin to weaken . It may become more difficult for us to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer , we have always tried to slow or stop this change that leads us toward the end of our lives.

Many factors decide our health . A good diet plays an important role. The amount and the type of exercise we get are another two factors. Our living condition is yet another. But scientists studying the aging problem want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by studying the aging medical science they may be able to make the length of life longer.

There is nothing to be afraid of as the old age comes. Many consider the later part of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may become less, but often we get better understanding of the world and ourselves.

What we consider the old age now may only be middle-aged some day soon. Who knows ,with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life length may one day be measured in centuries ,rather than in years!

1.The underlined phrase “bounce back ”means “__________.”

A．jump backward

B．run fast

C．prevent

D．recover

2.In order to make people live longer, scientists _______according to the text.

A．teach people how to eat properly

B．discover how important the exercise is to one’s health

C．study the ways to slow or stop the process of aging

D．invent new medicine to slow down the process of aging

3. Many consider the later part of life to be the time of living because they__________.

A．consider their lives have been very successful

B．have come through the battle of life safely

C．know more about themselves and the outside world

D．can have a good rest and enjoy themselves

4.How many factors which decide our health are mentioned in the text?

A．Two

B．Four

C．Five

D．Six

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