Question

Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.
It’s strange how mean we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept praise gracefully . Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.
Do you ever go into a house and say, “ What a tidy room!” Hardly anybody does. That’s why housework is considered such a boring job. Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.
Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we are unaware of children’s small achievements and we seldom apply the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me confused. “ Of course I can,” she said. “But you don’t notice us when we do.”
Teachers agree about the value of praise. “ I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes a teacher, “ and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was constantly praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored. Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved ,too, but not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly, the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.
To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort—perhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments , or write an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment—and yet consider the results it may produce. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our room.” I can live for two months on a good compliment.” said Mark Twain.
Title : Profits of Praise

Theme	Compared with_____【小题1】_____ , praise should be valued and appreciated more.
Reasons for unwillingness to give praise	We feel embarrassed and ignore the words pleasant to our ears____【小题2】___ than accept them gracefully. We have ____【小题3】____ giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction.
Importance of praise in some cases	A housewife ___【小题4】____ to be praised for her sacrifices and devotion . A mother is supposed to be aware of their children’s small achievements and ___【小题5】___ the rule of giving praise. A student waits ____【小题6】____ for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard.
Findings of experiments on profits of praise	Everybody___【小题7】____ to repeat an act if praised more often. Those who receive constant praise have made dramatic improvement. Unlike brilliant children, less able children ___【小题8】___ badly to criticism desperately need praise.
________【小题9】_______	It pays to make a moment’s ___【小题10】_____ to pass on praise, for it brings added joy and happiness to our lives as well as others’.

Answer 1

【小题1】criticism
【小题2】rather
【小题3】difficulty/trouble /problems
【小题4】deserves
【小题5】apply
【小题6】hungrily / eagerly / desperately
【小题7】tends
【小题8】reacting/responding
【小题9】Conclusion/Summary
【小题10】effort

解析试题分析：文章介绍表扬的重要性，通过实验表明表扬的好处，希望人们不要吝啬自己的表扬，少批评，多表扬。
【小题1】原词重现：从第一段的句子：It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.可知填 criticism
【小题2】词义归纳题：从第二段的句子： Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear.可知Instead“相反的”可以改成 rather than
【小题3】词性转化题：从第二段的句子：Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.可知把difficult改成difficulty/trouble /problems
【小题4】词义转化题：从第三段的句子：Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.可知be worthy of =deserve，填deserves
【小题5】原词重现：从第四段的句子：Still, we are unaware of children’s small achievements and we seldom apply the rule 可知填apply
【小题6】词性转化题：根据第五段的句子：and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”可知把hungry改成 hungrily / eagerly / desperately
【小题7】词性转化题：根据第六段的句子：Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act可知把tendency改成 tends
【小题8】词性转化题：根据第六段的句子：but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.可知把reacted改成 reacting/responding
【小题9】归纳题：右边的内容是对全篇文章的总结，填Conclusion/Summary
【小题10】原词重现，从最后一段的句子：To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment’s thought and a moment’s effort 可知填effort
考点：考查任务型阅读