Question

Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist . He views mankind as grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

Here’s how he explains his views.

1）Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.

3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well- meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.

1.What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book?

A. Weakness of human nature.

B. Concern about climate change.

C. Importance of practical thinking.

D. Optimism about human progress.

2. How does Ridley look at shopping?

A. It encourages the creation of things.

B. It results in shortage of goods.

C. It demands more fossil fuels.

D. It causes a poverty problem.

3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that__________.

A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

B. shortening working time brings about a happier life.

C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles.

D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.

4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.

C. People’s health is closely related to climate change.

D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is True?

A. Matt Ridley doesn’t think the world is a good place to live in.

B. Climate change won’t cause a child’s death.

C. Matt Ridley based his unique point of view on his long-term research.

D. People will have more freedom for the development of the world.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.C

【解析】

试题分析:当你感到抑郁，心情不畅的时候，作家Matt Ridley鼓励你要“Cheer up”。他认为世界是一个前所未有的美好的居住地，而且它将更加适宜人类和生物的居住。在本文中他称自己是积极的乐观主义者，而且向读者阐述了自己的几种看法。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good．And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book．可知Ridley自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的，这就是他在近期的书中以全新的视角向人们证明的问题，故选D

2.推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shopping fuels invention”以及后面“This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be”说明他认为购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，说明他是鼓励生产的。故A正确。

3.推理判断题。前面提出作者的观点One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper．然后举例说明，因此油灯和蜡烛只是为了进一步阐述论证这个说法，故D项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知， 如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在着危险，故选B。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段末句He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.可知他是从长期的研究中得出的结论，故答案选C。

考点：考查社会科学类短文阅读