Discovery in a South African cave suggests that modern human behavior much earlier than . A. begin, previously thought B. began, previously thought C. should begin, previous thinking D. began, previou 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Discovery in a South African cave suggests that modern human behavior _____ much earlier than _____.

A. begin, previously thought B. began, previously thought

C. should begin, previous thinking D. began, previous thinking

34.

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The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune——

A is made B would make C was to be made D had made[来源:ZXXK]

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander （旁观者）effect．

The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．

Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.

There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.

Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．

1.. The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese．

A. it somehow caused the murder of

B. its discovery resulted from the murder of

C. it was actually discovered by

D. it always makes people think of

2.. Genovese was murdered . ．

A. while she was going out B. in her apartment

C. halfway home D. near her apartment

3.. Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help?

A. They believed in the bystander effect．

B. They thought someone else might help her．

C. They didn't think they should help．

D. They didn't think she needed help．

4.. Before deciding to offer help, observers may , according to the psychologists．

A. wait for sort of a signal

B. hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt

C. want to be sure it's appropriate to react

D. wonder if the victim is worth helping

5.. The article seems to suggest that, if there had been observers, Genovese might not have been murdered．

A. no B. fewer C. more D. braver

阅读下列短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A, B, C,和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A young man, a student in one of our universities, was one day taking a walk with a professor, who was commonly called the students’ friend, for his kindness to those who waited on his instructions．

　 As they went along, they saw 21 in the path a pair of old shoes, which they supposed to belong to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had 22 finished his day’s work．

　The student 23 the professor, saying, “Let’s play the man a（n） 24 : we will hide his shoes, and we stay behind those bushes, and wait to see his 25 when he cannot find them.”

　 “My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never 26 ourselves at the expense of the poor．You are 27 , and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by means of helping the poor man．Put a 28 into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the 29 affects him.”

　 The student did so, 30 they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by．

　 The poor man soon finished his work, and came 31 the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes．While 32 his coat he slipped his foot into one of his shoes; but feeling something 33 , he bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin．

　 Astonishment and wonder were seen upon his face．He gazed upon the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again．He then looked around 34 on all sides, but no person was to be seen．He now put the money into his pocket, and went on to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was 35 on finding the other coin．

　 His feelings 36 him; he fell upon his 37 , looked up to heaven and let out a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and 38 , and his children without bread, whom the timely giving, from some unknown hand, would save from dying．

　 The student stood there deeply affected, his eyes filled with tears．“Now,” said the professor,

“Are you not much better pleased than if you had played your 39 trick?” The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget．I feel now the 40 of those words, which I never understood before: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’”

1.．A．hanging B．lying C．sitting D．hiding

2.A．nearly B．seemingly C．closely D．equally

3.A．looked backB．referred to C．turned to D．puzzled over

4.A．fun B．amusement C．entertainment D．trick

5.．A．opinion B．confusion C．emotion D．enthusiasm

6.A．treat B．dedicate C．amuse D．occupy

7.．A．healthy B．kind C．mean D．rich

8.A．coin B．penny C．dollar D．pound

9.A．pleasure B．discovery C．tiredness D．possibility

10.A．and B．but C．thus D．therefore

11.．A．around B．across C．into D．toward

12.A．taking on B．looking on C．putting on D．hanging on

13.A．hard B．tight C．soft D．loose

14.A．that B．it C．themselves D．himself

15.A．folded B．accelerated C．doubled D．improved

16.A．mastered B．beat C．betrayed D．overcame

17.A．hands B．knees C．feet D．legs

18.．A．beautifulB．merciless C．hopeful D．helpless

19.A．intended B．required C．wanted D．interested

20.．A． faith B．fact C．truth D．reliability

Watercolour is the oldest paints known. It dates back to the early cave men who discovered they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the walls of caves by mixing the natural colours found in the earth with water.

Fresco, one of the greatest of all art forms, is done with watercolour. It is created by mixing paints and water and applying these to wet plaster. Of the thousands of people who stand under Michelangelo’s heroic ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, very few know that they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolour painting in the world.

The invention of oil painting by the Flemish masters in the fifteenth century made fresco painting go down-hill, and for the next several centuries watercolour was used mainly for doing sketches or as a tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters put back watercolour as a serious art form. The English have a widely-known love for outdoors and also small private pictures. The softness of watercolour had a remarkably strong attraction for them.

The popularity of watercolour continued to grow until the twentieth century. The United States passed England as the center for watercolour, producing such well-known watercolour artists as Thomas Eakins and Andrew Wyeth.

1.The purpose of the passage is to introduce _____.

A. the gradual weakness of fresco painting

B. oils’ power or influence over watercolour

C. the discovery of watercolour in England

D. the start and development of watercolour

2.In the 16th and 17th centuries the artists thought _____.

A. watercolour was softer, and thus better

B. oil painting lasted longer, and was better

C. watercolour wasn’t fit for finished works

D. watercolour was too hard to use in any works

3.According to the passage, watercolour painting was put back in England because ____

A. it was easy to use outdoors B. it was a strong medium

C. it was extremely bright in colour D. it was suited to popular tastes

4. What would the next paragraph most probably deal with?

A. The works of famous US watercolour artists

B. Modern American oil painters

C. The weakness of oils as popular paints

D. Techniques of producing watercolour

Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver.The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.

Thirty years have passed,but Odland can’t get the memory out of his mind,nor the woman’s kind reaction(反应).She was shocked,regained calmness and,in a kind voice,told the young Odland.“It’s OK.It wasn’t your fault.”When she left the restaurant,she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO(总裁) with a life lesson:You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.

Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery.Rather,it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up.It’s hard to get a dozen CEOS to agree about anything,but most agree with the Waiter Rule.They say how others treat the CEO says nothing.But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.

Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like,“I could buy this place and fire you.”or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.”Those who say such things have shown more about their character(人品) than about their wealth and power.

The CEO who came up with it,or at least first wrote it down,is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson.He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management.

“A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter,or to others,is not a nice person,”Swanson says.“I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”

1.What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman’s dress?

A.He was fired.

B.He was blamed.

C.The woman comforted him.

D.The woman left the restaurant at once.

2.Odland learned one of his life lessons from _______.

A.his experience as a waiter B.the advice given by the CEOs

C.an article in Fortune D.an interesting best-selling book

3.According to the text,most CEOs have the time opinion about _______.

A.Fortune 500 companies B.the Management Rules

C.Swanson’s book D.the Waiter Rule

4.From the text we can learn that _______.

A.one should be nicer to important people

B.CEOs often show their power before others

C.one should respect others no matter who they are

D.CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants

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