题目内容

阅读理解

　　Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America．It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries．For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim．They want to introduce Industries, and so they put few controls on Industries which cause pollution．

　　Cubatao, an Industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between Industrial development an pollution．In 1954, Cubatao had no Industry．Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutant(污染物)．The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous things in the surroundings(环境)，and the bad effects can be clearly seen．Birth shortcomings(生育缺陷)are extremely common．Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve time more common in Cubatao than in other places．

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough．It is cheaper for companies to pay the fines(罚款)than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce pollution．It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than the health of the workers．However, the responsibility(责任)does not completely lie with the Brazilian government．The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either．A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy and the USA．They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home．If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉地)punished or even put out of business．

(1)

Some developing countries don’t have strict pollution controls because ________．

[　　]

A．

the new Industries they want to introduce don’t cause much pollution

B．

they don’t realize the bad effect of pollution

C．

they don’t realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by pollutants

D．

if they put strict controls on Industry, few companies would build new plants in these countries

(2)

The author takes Cubatao as an example to show ________．

[　　]

A．

industrial development can cause serious problems of pollution

B．

pollution in Brazil is becoming serious

C．

many people are affected by pollution in Brazil

D．

the Brazilian government has no control over pollution

(3)

Which of the following statements describes the health state of the people in Cubatao?

[　　]

A．

The people who live near the chemical factories are very likely to suffer from heart diseases．

B．

Many people suffer from lung diseases because of the pollution．

C．

Their health is affected the same way as that of the Brazilians．

D．

Babies are all found not as bright as those in other places．

(4)

From this passage we can see that ________．

[　　]

A．

the Brazilian government does not care about the health of its people

B．

Brazil has no laws against pollution

C．

the Brazilian government fails to realize the seriousness of pollution

D．

laws against pollution are not carried out strictly in Brazil

(5)

Some foreign companies like to set up plants in Brazil because ________．

[　　]

A．

they think Brazil is suitable for them to invest(投资)in

B．

they won’t be seriously punished in Brazil if they cause pollution

C．

they can make much money and don’t have to pay Brazilian workers much

D．

in Brazil there are no laws against pollution

答案：1．D;2．A;3．B;4．D;5．D;
解析：

(1)

由第一段最后一句话“They want to introduce Industries, and so they put few controls on Industries which cause pollution．”可知。

(2)

第一段阐述工业污染严重是某些发展中国家的严重问题；第二段阐述Cubatao工业污染严重。所以由此可知作者把Cubatao当作展示工业发展会引起严重污染的一个例子。

(3)

由第二段第五、六句话可知Cubatao工业污染不仅造成人的生育缺陷，也使得此地大人、儿童的肺病是其他地区的十二倍。

(4)

由第三段第一句话可知，Brazil有控制污染的法律，但这些法律并没有被严格地执行。

(5)

由第三段最后两句话可知，有些外国公司如果在本国污染严重就会受到严厉的惩罚或停业，但在Brazil不会。


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阅读理解

　　Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds,as most animals do．Instead,plants produce volatile compounds,chernicals that easily chasse trom a liquid to a gas．A flower’s sweet smell,for example,comes from volatile compounas that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees．

　　Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants,A tree under attack by hungre insects ,for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack,In response,the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away- or even chemicals that attract the bugs'natural enemies．

　　Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying：a chemical sensor(传感器)called an electronise nose,The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked．Seientists say the e-nose could help quickly detest whether plants are being eaten by insects,But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants this is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses,enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants．

　　The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds．Inside the device,13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds,Based on these interactions ,the e-nose gives off electronie signals that the scentists analyze using computer software．

　　To test the nose,the team presented it with healthy leaves from cueumber,pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops．Then the scientists colleced samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop．These plants had been chaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器)．

　　The e-nose,it turns out,could identify healthy cucumber,pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce,It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged．But even more impressive,the device could tell which type of damage－by insects or with a hole punch – had been done to the tomato leaves．

　　With some fine tuning,a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greehouses to quickly spot harmful bugs,the researchers say,A device like this could also be used to identify fruits thet are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat,says Natalia Dudareve,a biochemist at Purdue University in West lafayette,Ind,who studies smells of flowers and plants．Hopefully,scientists believe,the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future．

(1)

We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by ________．

[　　]

A．

making some sounds

B．

waving their leaves

C．

producing some chemicals

D．

sending out electronic signals

(2)

What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

[　　]

A．

They presented it with all common crops．

B．

They fixed 13 sensors inside the device．

C．

They collected different damaged leaves．

D．

They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves．

(3)

According to the writer,the most amazing thing about the e –nose is that it can ________．

[　　]

A．

pick out ripe fruits

B．

spot the insects quickly

C．

distiinguish different damages to the leaves

D．

recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

(4)

We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose ________．

[　　]

A．

is unable to tell the smell of flowers

B．

is not yet used in greehouses

C．

is designed by scientists at Purdue

D．

is helpful in killing harmful insects

阅读理解

　　Going on a road trip? The St．Louis Arch, Statue of Liberty and Golden Gate Bridge are great tourist sites．But if you prefer offbeat destinations(目的地), check out the following roadside attractions．

　　World's Largest Ball of Paint

　　Alexandria, Ind．

　　In 1977, Michael Carmichael set out to create the biggest ball of paint anywhere．Starting with a baseball as center, he painted layer after layer of paint day after day, year after year．The ball weighs more than 1,300 pounds, with more than 20,000 coats of paint,” which is recognized by Guinness World Records．Visitors can paint the ball themselves and become part of history．

　　The Museum of Dirt

　　Boston, Mass．

　　The museum is the idea of Glenn Johnson．Labeled(贴有标签的)glass bottles contain such treasures as dirt from the Great Wall of China, as well as sand from a desert in Saudi Arabia and Omaha Beach in France．Best of all, the cost of seeing this museum is dirt cheap：It's free．

　　Mount Horeb Mustard Museum

　　Mount Horeb, Wis．

　　It's heaven for hotdog lovers! This museum claims to have the world's largest collection of prepared mustard(芥末)．Its more than 4,100 bottles of spices come from 60 nations, including Turkey and China．Visitors learn the history of mustard, from how it's made to how it's advertised and sold．The museum's creator, Barry Levenson, loves mustard so much that he even puts it on ice cream!

　　Paper House

　　Rockport, Mass．

　　Swedish immigrant(移民)Ellis Stenman was much ahead of his time in 1922, when he started to build a two-room house almost entirely out of newspaper．At the time, people didn't give much –if any--thought to recycling paper．The house is framed with wood, but the walls are made of 215 layers(层)of newspaper．

(1)

The underlined word “offbeat” in the first paragraph has the same meaning as ________．

[　　]

A．

great

B．

foreign

C．

unusual

D．

historical

(2)

If you want to add your own work to what you visit, you may choose ________．

[　　]

A．

World's Largest Ball of Paint

B．

The Museum of Dirt

C．

Mount Horeb Mustard Museum

D．

Paper House

(3)

Which of the following is true of Barry Levenson according to the text?

[　　]

A．

No spices but mustard can be found in his museum．

B．

He travels around the world to collect mustard．

C．

Mustard is advertised and sold in his museum．

D．

In a way, he shows much preference for mustard．

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