An oral history is a piece of writing based on an interview with a person who has lived through a significant period in history or experienced a historical event. His or her memories provide a personal view of the past.

     The first goal of all oral histories is to record stories about a specific subject. That subject may be a historical event like the D-Day invasion. It may be a period of history like the Depression, or a social or cultural trend, such as child labor. The first step in an oral history project, therefore, is to select a subject that interests you and is of historical significance.

     Before attempting to identify people to interview for your project, you must first gather background information about the subject. The Library of Congress, which houses thousands of oral histories, provides these tips for researching your subject.

     Before entering the library or logging onto the internet, decide on key words to use in your search. Use detailed search words. For example, search for rock and roll of the ’60s instead of the more general term music.

     Look through newspaper and magazine articles and Internet Web sites to identify documents that are related to your subject. Make copies of those that will help you plan your interview questions and discard all others.

     Discuss what you’ve read about your subject surprised you? What aspect of your subject would you like to know more about? Asking questions like these will help you to focus your subject and to identify the voice or voices you need to interview.

     Oral histories are as much about self as they are about subject. One goal of an oral history interview is to find out what happened. A second and equally important goal is to discover how people reacted to or were affected by what happened. The person you select to interview, therefore, should have had some experience with the subject – either as a participant or a witness.

     Once you have identified one or more people to interview, begin preparing your questions. The best questions are open-ended, encouraging the speaker to respond with more than a mere “Yes” or “No.” For example, an interviewer might have asked Clarence Hughart this question about his D-Day experience: Were you scared? That question, however, would probably not have elicited the sort of dramatic storytelling that Hughart provided.

     Make a list of ten possible interview questions. The first two or three should be fairly general, asking the interviewee to talk about his or her childhood, perhaps. These kinds of questions put people at ease. Save more sensitive questions until the interview has been underway for five, 10, or 15 minutes or more.

     After the interview come the final steps: writing a summary of the interview and then shaping it into a finished piece of writing.

Deciding what you want to learn more about.

 

Selecting either a participant or a   __(9)  .

 

Making a list of possible interview questions.

 

  (10)  with general questions and save more sensitive ones for later.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                  

From:

<joseph_yana@orange.net>

IP Address:

193.252.22.118 (originates from France)

Date:

Mon, 02-Feb-2011 09:37:04am

Attachment:

(No attachment)

Subject:

[G-Spam] PLEASE REPLY BACK.

Message:

CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PROPOSAL.

FROM THE DESK OF: MR. JOSEPH YANA.

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)

BURKINA-FASO.

Dear Sir / Madam,

    I am the Bill and Exchange (assistant) Manager of the African Development Bank, MR. JOSEPH YANA.

    In my department I discovered an abandoned sum of USD$9.900.000 in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customers who died along with his wife and two children in July 2002 in a plane crash. Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin(近亲属) to come over and claim his money, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him in the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim.

    It is therefore upon this discovery that I in my department now decided to make this business proposal to you and release the money to you as next of kin or relation since nobody is coming for it and we don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed fund. The banking law and guidelines here says that if such money remains unclaimed after ten years, the money will be transferred into the bank treasury as unclaimed fund.

    The request of the foreigner in this transaction(办理) is necessary because our late customer was a foreigner. We agree that 30% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, 5% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 65% would be for me, after which I shall visit your country for disbursement(开支) according to the percentages indicated. Therefore to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank, and send your account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where the money will be sent.

    Upon receiving your reply, I will send to you by fax or e-mail the text of the application which you shall retype and fax to us. Trusting to receive your urgent reply through my alternative Email : jyana96 @ yahoo.com.id

    Best regards.

    MR. JOSEPH YANA.

1. A foreigner who receives this letter should ________.

A. be a close relative of the dead.

B. send hundreds of dollars to Africa

C. go to African Development Bank for the wealth

D. not take it seriously.

2.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Many millionaires died in the plane crash.

B. Any money unclaimed will be given to a poor foreigner.

C. the division of the money seems quite reasonable.

D. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK doesn’t exist at all.

3. A person who believes “__________” will fall into it.

A. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.               B. There's no such thing as a free lunch.

C. All rivers run into the sea                      D. A short cut is often a wrong cut

 

 

完形填空  (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

Computers have done us a lot since they turned up. In the future they will play a more important part in many _____16_____, such as education, transport, personal lives, scientific research and so on. Nowadays computers are being _____17_____ in agriculture and industry and can help the farmers to _____18_____ the conditions of the plants.

More and more computers will come into our daily life with the _____19_____ of science and technology. If you want to change money or pay your electricity bills, you won’t have to go to the _____20_____. A computer and a telephone will help you. It can also help you to do the housework and it can even _____21_____ human voices and carry out the instructions. It is _____22_____ that the majority of the labour force will work at home. People will be able to use the videophone for conferences. This can help us to save a lot of energy and _____23_____. It is said that trains in Japan will have no _____24_____, because they’ll be well _____25_____ by computers, which can also tell the best _____26_____ between trains.

Computer programmes for _____27_____ whole texts are already well developed. You can _____28_____ the name of a certain subject and a _____29_____ list of book titles will _____30_____ on your screen. You may choose whichever you want.

1.

    A. families     B. fields           C. factories        D. places

2.

    A. used         B. put          C. shown            D. given

3.

A. form         B. grow         C. control          D. manage

4.

A. increase     B. progress     C. production       D. development

5.

    A. office           B. bank         C. shop         D. post office

6.

    A. understand  B. carry            C. hear         D. recognize

7.

    A. important        B. necessary        C. possible     D. complete

8.

A. material     B. time         C. place            D. money

9.

    A. conductors       B. drivers          C. instructors      D. indicators

10.

    A. operated     B. done         C. made         D. run

11.

    A. position     B. direction        C. distance     D. way

12.

    A. storing      B. writing      C. remaining        D. recording

13.

    A. give         B. put          C. type         D. write

14.

    A. first-rate       B. world-famous C. nationwide  D. worldwide

15.

    A. show         B. appear       C. offer            D. come

 

    For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hide. But all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They’re called latchkey children. They’re children who look after themselves while their parents work and their bad condition has become a subject of concern(关心)。

    Lynette Long was once the principal(校长)of an elementary school. Said, “We had a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of the kids had chains around their necks with keys attached(附带)。 I was often telling them to put them inside their shirts. There were so many keys that it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned they were house keys.

    She and her husband began talking to the children who had them. They learned of the effect working couples and single parents had on their children Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. One in each three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being scared(害怕).Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.

    The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed, in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll often play it high volume.

     It’s hard to get statistics(统计数字)on latchkey children, the Longs learned. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.

1.The main idea about “latchkey” children is that they ______.

  1. are growing in numbers
  2. are also found in middle-class neighborhoods
  3. watch too much TV during the day
  4. suffer problems from being left alone

2.Which sentence in the second paragraph is the topic sentence?

  1. We had a school rule against wearing jewelry.
  2. A lot of kids had chains around their necks.
  3. I was often telling them to put them inside their shirts.
  4. She learned they were house keys.

3. The main feeling these children have when they are at home by themselves is ______.

   A. tiredness     B. freedom     C. loneliness     D. fear

4.The word “nightmare” in the third paragraph probably means______.

   A. night suit                                            B. night habit

   C. terrible dream at night            D. staying up at night

5.We may draw a conclusion that_______.

  1. latchkey children enjoy having such a large amount of time alone
  2. latchkey children try to hide their feeling
  3. latchkey children often watch TV with their parents
  4. it’s difficult to find out how many latchkey children there are

 

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