Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?

Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.

In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.

For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party-almost even social occasion.

But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.

The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰） impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled （流放） to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him.

It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.

But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.

61. The tie symbolizes all of the following except .

A. respect. B. elegance. C. politeness. D. democracy.

62. Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?

A. Because he wants to make a show.

B. Because he wants to attract attention.

C. Because ties are costly.

D. Because he wants to live in a casual way.

63 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?

A. Going to church. B. Going to work in the office.

C. Staying at home. D. Going to a party.

64 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain?

A. Tony Blair. B. Charles II.

C. Jim Callaghan. D. Andrew Turnbull.

65 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?

A. After the late 19th century. B. In the 1630s.

C. In 1660. D. In the late 18th century.

DDCBA

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Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)

It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.

Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.

Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’

One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.

1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?

A.Mysticism. B.Religion. C.Meditation. D.Investment.

2.Whom do they consult?

A.The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.

B.Wali Ullah.

C.Old Kings.

D.Carnegie.

3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?

A.He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.

To show they too focused on qualifications.

C.To show they hired qualified persons.

D.To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.

4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is

A.to gain profit from the god.

[N]to gain peace of mind to make decision.

C.to gain foreknowledge.

D.to gain objective conclusion.

5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?

A.Adopting the western way of doing business.

B.Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.

C.Contact with God.

D.Putting right persons in the right jobs.

Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)
It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
A.Mysticism. B.Religion. C.Meditation. D.Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
A.The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
B.Wali Ullah.
C.Old Kings.
D.Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
A.He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
To show they too focused on qualifications.
C.To show they hired qualified persons.
D.To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
A.to gain profit from the god.
[N]to gain peace of mind to make decision.
C.to gain foreknowledge.
D.to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
A.Adopting the western way of doing business.
B.Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
C.Contact with God.
D.Putting right persons in the right jobs.

In recent years, the world has made progress in reducing deaths among children under the age of five. A new report says an estimated 6.9 million children worldwide died before their fifth birthday. That compares to about twelve million in1990.
The report says child mortality rates have fallen in all areas. It says the number of deaths is down by at least 50 percent in eastern, western and southeastern Asia. The number also fell in North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
Ties Boerma is head of the WHO’s Department of Health Statistics and Informatics. He says most child deaths happen in just a few areas.
TIES BOERMA: “Sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia face the greatest challenges in child survival. More than eighty percent of child deaths in the world occur in these two regions. About half of child deaths occur in just five countries—India, which actually takes twenty-four percent of the global total; Nigeria, eleven percent; the Democratic Republic of Congo, seven percent; Pakistan, five percent and China, four percent of under-five deaths in the world.”
Ties Boerma notes that, in developed countries, one child in one hundred fifty-two dies before his or her fifth birthday. But south of the Sahara Desert, one out of nine children dies before the age of five. In Asia, the mortality rate is one in sixteen.
The report lists the top five causes of death among children under five worldwide. They are pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and problems both before and during birth.
Tessa Wardlaw is with the U-N Children’s Fund. She is pleased with the progress being made in Sub-Saharan Africa. The area has the highest under-five mortality rate in the world. But she says the rate of decline in child deaths has more than doubled in Africa.
TESSA WARDLAW: “We welcome the widespread progress in child survival, but we importantly want to stress that there’s a lot of work that remains to be done. There’s unfinished business and the fact is that today on average, around nineteen thousand children are still dying every day from largely preventable causes.”
The World Health Organization says one way to solve these problems is to make sure health care services are available to women. In this way, medical problems can be avoided or treated when identified.
【小题1】Since 1990, the number of the children who died before 5 in the world has dropped by about__________.

【小题2】 What does the underlined word “mortality” ( in Paragraph 2)mean?

【小题3】According to the passage, the readers are likely to believe that __________.

A．child mortality rates have fallen just in five areas

B．Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest under-five mortality rate in the world

C．in developed countries, no children die before the age of five

D．the world has made little progress in reducing the rates of child mortality

【小题4】______ is the top-one cause of death among children under five worldwide.

【小题5】What will be probably referred to in the following paragraph?

A．Women do not want to have babies.

B．How more health care services are available to women.

C．Medical problems are completely solved.

D．The World Health Organization.

The report says child mortality rates have fallen in all areas. It says the number of deaths is down by at least 50 percent in eastern, western and southeastern Asia. The number also fell in North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Ties Boerma is head of the WHO’s Department of Health Statistics and Informatics. He says most child deaths happen in just a few areas.

TIES BOERMA: “Sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia face the greatest challenges in child survival. More than eighty percent of child deaths in the world occur in these two regions. About half of child deaths occur in just five countries—India, which actually takes twenty-four percent of the global total; Nigeria, eleven percent; the Democratic Republic of Congo, seven percent; Pakistan, five percent and China, four percent of under-five deaths in the world.”

Ties Boerma notes that, in developed countries, one child in one hundred fifty-two dies before his or her fifth birthday. But south of the Sahara Desert, one out of nine children dies before the age of five. In Asia, the mortality rate is one in sixteen.

The report lists the top five causes of death among children under five worldwide. They are pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and problems both before and during birth.

Tessa Wardlaw is with the U-N Children’s Fund. She is pleased with the progress being made in Sub-Saharan Africa. The area has the highest under-five mortality rate in the world. But she says the rate of decline in child deaths has more than doubled in Africa.

TESSA WARDLAW: “We welcome the widespread progress in child survival, but we importantly want to stress that there’s a lot of work that remains to be done. There’s unfinished business and the fact is that today on average, around nineteen thousand children are still dying every day from largely preventable causes.”

The World Health Organization says one way to solve these problems is to make sure health care services are available to women. In this way, medical problems can be avoided or treated when identified.

1.Since 1990, the number of the children who died before 5 in the world has dropped by about__________.

A．6,900,000 B．12,000,000 C．1,200,000 D．5,100,000

2. What does the underlined word “mortality” ( in Paragraph 2)mean?

A．illness B．reduction C．death D．problem

3.According to the passage, the readers are likely to believe that __________.

A．child mortality rates have fallen just in five areas

B．Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest under-five mortality rate in the world

C．in developed countries, no children die before the age of five

D．the world has made little progress in reducing the rates of child mortality

4.______ is the top-one cause of death among children under five worldwide.

A．Global warming B．Malaria C．Pneumonia D．Diarrhea

5.What will be probably referred to in the following paragraph?

A．Women do not want to have babies.

B．How more health care services are available to women.

C．Medical problems are completely solved.

D．The World Health Organization.

阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后1～10的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。注意：每空不超过3个单词。

When you are doing business in Argentina, either with the government or the private enterprises, the bargains play a very important part. Interview may be the best way to do business, because telephone service is not so good in Argentina, and people prefer to have a face – to – face talk with his associate. If you insist on using phones, you may fail. And another thing is that, book your time before your business visit.

Most of the Argentines are descendants of a European, especially from Britain and Italy. People in political circles and business circles spend much time on clothing. They have good manners. So, be careful of your appearance. Gentlemen had better put on conservative business suit and have ties. Attending a formal bender and banquet, wearing deep color clothes should be good. Meanwhile, ladies should be decent, a suit or a long skirt is good. These rules are the same with the visitors from other places. Foreigners are used to judging one from his clothes. If you wear untidy, they must have an inappreciative conclusion.

Clothes are the base of their judgments. So, when you visit a company of a department, even you have a visit to your merchant, you need to wear business suit. The color of the suit is important. The grey color is unpopular, as it feels gloomy. Wearing this to have a visit, you will leave very bad impression. Another noticeable thing is, the popular packing colors are yellow, green and red, as black, purple and purple – brown must be careful.

The Argentines are like the Europeans. Beef, hotpot and pork are their favorite, and they treat baking complete animals as their traditional food. The Argentine businessmen like to invite the associates to their home. The authentic Argentine beef must be on the table. As a guest, when you have an invitation, it must be wonderful if you take some flowers or candies with you, a bottle of imported whiskey is also the best present. Never take a T – shirt or a tie. Argentines don’t like to accept these underclothes.

From May to November, it is the best time to do business. And avoid having interviews two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day. Holiday time begins in January and finishes in March, these are the right time to do business with Argentines.

1． Doings and Taboos (禁忌) in Argentina

Aspects	Dos	2．
Bargains	·To interview your business partner ·To make 3． before your business visit	·Just depend on telephone ·Pay a (n) 4． visit
5．	Gentlmen ·To wear conservative 6． ·To be dressed in deep color Ladies ·Have on long suits or skirt	·Wear 7．
Colour for clothes	·Business suits are suitable ·Yellow, 8． clothes makes you well – received	·To be in grey color ·To be in black, purple and purple – brown
Food	·Beef, hotpot and pork ·9．	Not mentioned
Time	To arrange business: ·From May to November ·From 10．	To arrange business: ·Two weeks before and after Christmas Day and Easter Day

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