Question

Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. Now .the bulb was completely covered; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. It was on this paper that the light was shining. Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. She was very surprised by this request, but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.

At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontgen called this ray “the unknown”, the X-ray. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used, and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was broken. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. Methods were found later which ulcers (溃疡) in the stomach could be located, and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis (肺结核) present.

　　  1. How did Professor Rontgen discover the X-ray?

　　　　   A. He discovered it as the result of his careful-planned experiments.

　　　　   B. He discovered it by accident while he was doing an experiment.

　　　　   C. He discovered it because of his wife's good suggestion and help.

　　　　   D. He discovered it with the help of other physicists.

　　  2. According to Para. 1, what caused the strange dancing lights on Professor Rontgen's table in the laboratory?

　　　　   A. The electric bulb and the cardboard. 

　　　　   B. The current and the table.

　　　　  C. The unknown rays and the paper itself.

　　　　   D. The penetrating rays and the metal stilts.

  　　3. Professor Rontgen found that the X-ray could——.

　　　　  A. penetrate everything but metal

　　　　  B. pass through both flesh and bone

　　　　  C. penetrate only black cardboard

　　　　  D. cause the metal to shine

　　  4. Which of the following uses of X-ray are mentioned in the passage?

　　　　  1) to observe broken bones　　 2) to cut off useless damaged arms of legs

　　　　  3) to kill cancer cells　　   4) to locate ulcers in the stomach

　　　　  5) to find tuberculosis in the lungs

  6) to protect flesh and healthy cells

　　　　  A. 1) 3) 4) 5)　　 B. 1) 3) 4) 6)　　 C. 1) 2) 3) 5)　　  D. 2) 3) 5) 6)

 

Answer 1

答案：B;D;D;A
解析：

1．B。细节题。文章第一句就讲道，科学家们当时并不知道，有时甚至无法猜到，他们的研究或实验结果到底是什么。言外之意，科学的新发现或新成果往往带有偶然性。Rontgen教授发现x光的实例即证明了这种观点。     2．D。推断题。了解x光最初的发现过程后，本题要求推断出X光的成因。首先，被卡纸板挡住的电灯之所以能有光线发出是因为桌上涂有金属盐的纸，普通的纸是不行的。言外之意，是metal salt引起了光线的射出。其次，由metal salt引起的光线具有穿透性，属于penetrating rays。metal salt和penetrating rays两者最终促使了x光的形成。     3．D。细节题。Rontgen在做实验时发现，那几张纸上的metal salt使光线发出的光在闪烁跳动。从本文我们得知，这种光线可以穿透许多物品，但穿不透骨头和金属(包括Rontgen妻子的戒指)。因此，选项A错误。根据以上信息，选项B和C也是错误的。     4．A。细节题。文章第二段谈到X光可以使医生see exactly how a bone was broken；可以用来destroy cancer cells；有了x光ulcers in the stomach could be located；有了X光the lungs could be X-rayed t0 show if there Was any tuberculosis  present。据此，选项A正确。由于选项B、C、D涉及了本文未谈到2、6项内容，所以三者均错。

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