Often the text or the sentence can help us understand the words we do not know them. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Often the text or the sentence can help us understand the words we do not know them.

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去掉them 宾语从句。

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Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity（逆境）. But it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage（勇气）to try.

J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6. Her good friend-Sean became the first person to encourage her and help her build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.

“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition（志向） to be a writer. He was also the only person who thought I was bound to（注定）be a success at it, which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”

Though there were many difficulties, Rowling continued her writing, particularly fantasy stories. But it wasn't until l990 that she first came up with the idea about Harry Potter. As she recalls（回忆）, it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that “the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into my head. To my great disappointment, I didn't have a pen with me, and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one. I think, now, that this was probably a good thing, because I simply sat and thought, for four (delayed train) hours, and all the details came up in my brain, and this thin, black-haired, bespectacled（戴眼镜的）boy who didn't know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.”

That same year, her mother died after a ten-year fight with serious diseases, which deeply affected her writing. She went on to marry and had a daughter, but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.

During this time, Rowling was diagnosed with depression（诊断患有抑郁症）. Unemployed, she finished her first novel in area cafes, where she could get her daughter to fall asleep. After being refused by l2 publishing houses, the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.

Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with her friend’s encouragement as well as her ambition to write.

1. Who believed J. K. Rowling was to be a good writer?

A．Her friend Sean. B．Her mother.

C．Her daughter. D．Her husband.

2. Rowling first came up with the idea about Harry Potter________.

A．at the age of 6 B．on a train journey

C．after her mother's death D．in her secondary school

3. She felt disappointed on the train because_________.

A．her train was delayed for four hours

B．she didn't have a pen with her

C．her mind suddenly went blank

D．no one would offer her help

4. It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 and 6 that Rowling is_________.

A．open-minded B．warm-hearted

C．good-natured D．strong-willed

5. The text mainly tells us_________.

A．adversity makes a good novelist

B．the courage to try is a special ability

C．you can have a wonderful idea everywhere

D．encouragement helps one succeed

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the ease, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit?

First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, namecalling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.

After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution : listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.

Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.

There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

1.This article is mainly about ________.

A．the lives of school children

B．the cause of arguments in schools

C．how to analyze youth violence

D．how to deal with school conflicts

2.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.

A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime

B．a small conflict can lead to violence

C．students tend to lose their temper easily

D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight

3.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?

A．To find out who is to blame.

B．To get ready to try new things.

C．To make clear what the real issue is.

D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match.

4.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________.

A．there was a decrease in classroom violence

B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom

C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools

D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved

5.The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________.

A．complain about problems in school education

B．teach students different strategies for school life

C．advocate teaching conflict management in schools

D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Most of the foods we eat today were at one time or another not known to man. One by one they are 36 and became a part of our everyday 37 . Very often the person, who was the first to 38 these foods, however, had to be a person of 39 . Who, for 40 , ate the first crab（蟹）and who, the first mushroom？

When 41 and coffee were first introduced to 42 in the eighteenth century, there were many 43 for and against their use. Some people claimed（宣称）that they were 44 , and that, if drunk over long periods of time, they would kill 45 . In Sweden, King Gustav III decided to find out whether these 46 were true or false. It 47 happened that there were two brothers who were in 48 at the time；they were twins and were almost exactly alike in every 49 . They had also been sentenced to 50 . The King decided to let them live if one of them 51 to drink several cups of tea each day and the other, several cups of 52 each day.

Both brothers lived many years without any 53 of any kind. At last one brother who 54 to drink tea every day died at the age of 74 and 55 died a few years later. Because of the way the experiment had turned out, Sweden is today one of the countries in the world where much tea and coffee are drunk.

36. A. introduced B. produced C. added D. changed

37. A. drink B. cost C. diet D. interest

38. A. cook B. discover C. try D. check

39. A. success B. courage C. practice D. will

40. A. free B. ever C. long D. example

41. A. tea B. tobacco C. milk D. chocolate

42. A. America B. Europe C. Africa D. England

43. A. attempts B. decisions C. opinions D. advice

44. A. different B. common C. plants D. poisonous

45. A. a person B. themselves C. others D. ourselves

46. A. wishes B. decisions C. doubts D. conversations

47. A. so B. very C. too D. much

48. A. school B. hospital C. danger D. prison

49. A. day B. way C. part D. photograph

50. A. death B. dead C. die D. dying

51. A. agreed B. pleased C. allowed D. prepared

52. A. milk B. water C. coffee D. orange

53. A. food B. problems C. taste D. happiness

54. A. had B. enjoyed C. allowed D. insisted

55. A. others B. other C. another D. the other

If I have a short-wave radio, I can often __________ the BBC programmes.

A. pick out B. pick C. pick up D. pick on

After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here major types of media used in advertising.

Television

Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.

Newspapers

Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty (忠诚) from local readers.

Radio

Advertising on radio continues to grow. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times or the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.

Magazines

Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous (具有共同特点的). If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.

Out-of-home advertising

Out-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective.

Internet

As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, Internet advertising will play a more prominent (显著的) role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.

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