题目内容
3.People laugh and people cry.But it is thought that emotions such as anger,or joy,typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed.The shedder of tears(落泪者)is likely to apologize,even when a great tragedy was the cause.The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears.But judging from recent studies of crying behavior,both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive(适得其反).Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears.Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses,it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that increase survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance from others(as a crying baby might from its mother),the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.Vocal(出声的)cries would have been quite enough,more likely than tears to gain attention.So,it appears that there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed,the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress.University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently separated two important chemicals from emotional tears.Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Other researchers are looking into the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University's Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse,to study the causes of"dry eye"syndrome(综合征)and the effects of eye surgery,and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
60.What does the underlined phrase"both those responses"in Paragraph1refer to?D
A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B.The embarrassment and unpleasant feelings of the observers.
C.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
D.The tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying.
61.It is known from the first paragraph thatA.
A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to Americans
B.crying may often result in tragedy
C.crying usually wins sympathy from other people
D.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
62.What does the author say about crying?C
A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
B.It must have a role to play in man's survival.
C.It is meant to get attention and assistance.
D.It usually produces the desired effect.
63.From the passage we can infer thatB.
A.it is unnatural for people to shed tears
B.we can reduce our stress by shedding tears
C.shedders of tears can't get help by crying loudly
D.unlike animals,humans can shed tears for survival.
分析 人们开心的时候会笑,不开心的时候会哭泣.但是,生气、欢乐等情绪会让美国人感到不舒服.研究发现,因为某种情感而流出的泪水能够减轻压力.研究人员在情绪性的泪水中发现了两种特殊的化学物质,而切洋葱时流的泪中不含这两种物质.
解答 60.D 猜测词义题.根据"The shedder of tears(落泪者) is likely to apologize,…The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears."可知,划线部分指的是流泪者的道歉和他人的安慰,故选D.
61.A 推理判断题.根据第一段第三句"The shedder of tears(落泪者) is likely to apologize,even when a great tragedy was the cause."可知,即使是因为很悲惨的事情落泪,只要被他人看见,落泪者就会道歉,说明美国人认为眼泪会给他人带来不好的感受,故选A.
62.C 细节理解题.根据第三段"crying is a way to ask for assistance form others…Vo-cal (出声的) cries would have been quite enough,more likely than tears to gain attention."可知,哭是求助的一种方式,但是,仅有出声的哭喊就足够了,喊叫声比眼泪更有可能引起注意,说明哭是一种求助和引起注意的方式,故选C.
63.B 推理判断题.根据第四段"emotional tears may play a direct role in easing stress…Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance."可知,研究显示,情绪性的眼泪能够减轻压力,情绪性的眼泪中含有两种特殊的化学物质,受到洋葱的刺激而流的眼泪中不含这两种物质,说明情感性的泪水能减轻压力,故选B.
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.
It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson's imagination(36)A,recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.
Stevenson,a Scotsman,had lived(37)D for many years In 1881he returned to Scotland for a (38)C With him were his American wife Fanny and his son(39)A
Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long (40)C over the hills They had been(41)D this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse,Kept indoors by the heavy rain Lloyd felt the days (42)BTo keep the boy happy Robert asked the boy to do some(43)C
One morning,the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island Robert(44)Bthat the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of(45)D"What's that?"he asked"That's the(46)Btreasure"said the boy Robert suddenly(47)Asomething of an adventure story in the boy's(48)CWhile the rain was pouring Robert sat down by the fire to write a story He would make the(49)B a twelve-year-old boy just like Lloyd But who would he the pirate(海盗)?
Robert had a good friend named Henley,who walked around with the (50)Aof a wooden leg Robert had always wanted to(51)Csuch a man in a story(52)DLong John Silver the pirate with a wooden leg,was(53)B
So thanks to a (54)ASeptember in Scotland a friend with a wooden leg and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy we have one of the greatest(55)Dstories in the English language.
| 36.A.However | B.Therefore | C.Besides | D.Finally |
| 37.A.alone | B.next door | C.at home | D.abroad |
| 38.A.meeting | B.story | C.holiday | D.jib |
| 39.A.Lloyd | B.Robert | C.Henley | D.John |
| 40.A.talk | B.rest | C.walk | D.game |
| 41.A.attempting | B.missing | C.planning | D.enjoying |
| 42.A.quiet | B.dull | C.busy | D.cold |
| 43.A.cleaning | B.writing | C.drawing | D.exercising |
| 44.A.doubted | B.noticed | C.decided | D.recognized |
| 45.A.the sea | B.the house | C.Scotland | D.the island |
| 46.A.forgotten | B.buried | C.discovered | D.unexpected |
| 47.A.saw | B.drew | C.made | D.learned |
| 48.A.book | B.reply | C.picture | D.mind |
| 49.A.star | B.hero | C.writer | D.child |
| 50.A.help | B.problem | C.use | D.bottom |
| 51.A.praise | B.produce | C.include | D.accept |
| 52.A.Yet | B.Also | C.But | D.Thus |
| 53.A.read | B.born | C.hired | D.written |
| 54.A.rainy | B.sunny | C.cool | D.windy |
| 55.A.news | B.love | C.real-life | D.adventure |