题目内容

20.已知函数f(x)=xlnx.
(Ⅰ)求函数f(x)的单调区间;
(Ⅱ)设0<x1<x2,证明:$\frac{{f'({x_1})-f'({x_2})}}{{{x_1}-{x_2}}}>\frac{2}{{{x_1}+{x_2}}}$.

分析 (Ⅰ)求导,在定义域内解不等式f′(x)>0,f′(x)<0可得单调区间;
(Ⅱ)问题转化为证明$\frac{f′{(x}_{1})-f′{(x}_{2})}{{{x}_{1}-x}_{2}}$-$\frac{2}{{x}_{1}{+x}_{2}}$=$\frac{1}{{x}_{2}{-x}_{1}}$[ln$\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}$-$\frac{2(\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}-1)}{\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}+1}$]>0成立,根据函数的单调性证明ln$\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}$-$\frac{2(\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}-1)}{\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}+1}$]>0即可.

解答 (Ⅰ)解:定义域为(0,+∞),f′(x)=lnx+x•$\frac{1}{x}$=1+lnx,
令f′(x)>0,则lnx>-1=ln$\frac{1}{e}$,∴x>$\frac{1}{e}$;
令f′(x)<0,则lnx<-1=ln$\frac{1}{e}$,∴0<x<$\frac{1}{e}$,
∴f(x)的单调增区间是($\frac{1}{e}$,+∞),单调减区间是(0,$\frac{1}{e}$).
(Ⅱ)证明:要证$\frac{{f'({x_1})-f'({x_2})}}{{{x_1}-{x_2}}}>\frac{2}{{{x_1}+{x_2}}}$成立,
只需证明$\frac{f′{(x}_{1})-f′{(x}_{2})}{{{x}_{1}-x}_{2}}$-$\frac{2}{{x}_{1}{+x}_{2}}$
=$\frac{1}{{x}_{2}{-x}_{1}}$[(lnx2-lnx1)-$\frac{2{(x}_{2}{-x}_{1})}{{x}_{1}{+x}_{2}}$]
=$\frac{1}{{x}_{2}{-x}_{1}}$[ln$\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}$-$\frac{2(\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}-1)}{\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}+1}$]>0成立,
由于$\frac{1}{{x}_{2}{-x}_{1}}$>0,只需ln$\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}$-$\frac{2(\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}-1)}{\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}+1}$>0成立,
令g(t)=lnt-$\frac{2(t-1)}{t+1}$,(t>1),
则g′(t)=$\frac{1}{t}$-$\frac{4}{{(t+1)}^{2}}$=$\frac{{(t-1)}^{2}}{{t(t+1)}^{2}}$>0,
∴g(t)在(1,+∞)递增,∴g(t)>g(1)=0,
∴$\frac{{f'({x_1})-f'({x_2})}}{{{x_1}-{x_2}}}>\frac{2}{{{x_1}+{x_2}}}$.

点评 该题考查利用导数研究函数的单调性,考查不等式的证明,考查学生的运算推理能力和转化问题的能力.

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