ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
1£®CO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H=-90.1kJ•mol-1£®Ò»¶¨Ñ¹Ç¿Ï£¬ÏòÈÝ»ýΪV LµÄÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëa mol COÓë2a mol H2£¬ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á×÷ÓÃÏ·´Ó¦Éú³É¼×´¼£¬Æ½ºâת»¯ÂÊÓëζȡ¢Ñ¹Ç¿µÄ¹ØÏµÈçͼËùʾ£®
¢Ùp1СÓÚp2£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©£»
¢Ú100¡æÊ±£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK=$£¨\frac{V}{a}£©^{2}$£»
¢Û±£³ÖÆäËüÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬ÏÂÁдëÊ©ÖÐÄܹ»Ôö´óÉÏÊöºÏ³É¼×´¼·´Ó¦µÄ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡¢ÇÒÄÜÌá¸ßCOת»¯ÂʵÄÊÇcd£®£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©£®
a£®Ê¹ÓøßЧ´ß»¯¼Á b£®½µµÍ·´Ó¦ÎÂ¶È c£®Í¨ÈëH2
d£®ÔÙÔö¼Óa mol COºÍ2a molH2 e£®²»¶Ï½«CH3OH´Ó·´Ó¦»ìºÏÎïÖзÖÀë³öÀ´£®
·ÖÎö ¢ÙÏàͬζÈÏ£¬Í¬Ò»ÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÏòÕý·´Ó¦·½ÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬ÔòCOµÄת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£»
¢Ú¸ÃζÈÏ£¬Æ½ºâʱn£¨CO£©=amol¡Á£¨1-0.5£©=0.5amol£¬n£¨CH3OH£©=c£¨CO£©£¨²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦£©=amol¡Á0.5=0.5amol£¬n£¨H2£©=2amol-2¡Áamol¡Á0.5=amol£¬Ôòc£¨CO£©=$\frac{0.5a}{V}$mol/L¡¢c£¨CH3OH£©=$\frac{0.5a}{V}$mol/L¡¢c£¨H2£©=$\frac{a}{V}$mol/L£¬»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{c£¨C{H}_{3}OH£©}{c£¨CO£©£®{c}^{2}£¨{H}_{2}£©}$£»
¢ÛÓ°Ïì·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵÄÒòËØÓÐζȡ¢Å¨¶È¡¢Ñ¹Ç¿ºÍ´ß»¯¼Á£¬Ó°ÏìÆ½ºâÒÆ¶¯µÄÒòËØÓÐζȡ¢Å¨¶ÈºÍѹǿ£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð ½â£º¢ÙÏàͬζÈÏ£¬Í¬Ò»ÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÏòÕý·´Ó¦·½ÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬ÔòCOµÄת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£¬¸ù¾ÝͼÏóÖª£¬p1СÓÚp2£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»
¢Ú¸ÃζÈÏ£¬Æ½ºâʱn£¨CO£©=amol¡Á£¨1-0.5£©=0.5amol£¬n£¨CH3OH£©=c£¨CO£©£¨²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦£©=amol¡Á0.5=0.5amol£¬n£¨H2£©=2amol-2¡Áamol¡Á0.5=amol£¬Ôòc£¨CO£©=$\frac{0.5a}{V}$mol/L¡¢c£¨CH3OH£©=$\frac{0.5a}{V}$mol/L¡¢c£¨H2£©=$\frac{a}{V}$mol/L£¬»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{c£¨C{H}_{3}OH£©}{c£¨CO£©£®{c}^{2}£¨{H}_{2}£©}$=$£¨\frac{V}{a}£©^{2}$£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º=$£¨\frac{V}{a}£©^{2}$£»
¢Ûa£®Ê¹ÓøßЧ´ß»¯¼Á£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬µ«Æ½ºâ²»Òƶ¯£¬¹Ê²»Ñ¡£»
b£®½µµÍ·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼõÂý£¬¹Ê²»Ñ¡£»
c£®Í¨ÈëH2£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ƽºâÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬COµÄת»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£¬¹ÊÑ¡£»
d£®ÔÚÆäËüÌõ¼þ²»±äµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÔÙÔö¼Óa mol COºÍ2a molH2£¬Ï൱ÓÚÔö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏò½øÐУ¬´ïµ½ÐÂÆ½ºâʱһÑõ»¯Ì¼×ª»¯ÂÊÔö´ó£¬¹ÊÑ¡£»
e£®²»¶Ï½«CH3OH´Ó·´Ó¦»ìºÏÎïÖзÖÀë³öÀ´£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼõÂý£¬¹Ê²»Ñ¡£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºcd£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁË»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽÊéдÒÔ¼°¼ÆËã¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÓ°ÏìÒòËØ·ÖÎöÅжϡ¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÅжϣ¬ÕÆÎÕ»ù´¡Êǹؼü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
£¨1£©½«³ÆÁ¿ºÃµÄ8.8gÉÕ¼îÑùÆ·ÅäÖÆ³É500mL´ý²âÒº£¬ÅäÖÆ¹ý³ÌʹÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷³ý500mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹ÜÍ⣬»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ±ØÐëʹÓõÄÒÇÆ÷ÊDz£Á§°ô£®
£¨2£©ÓüîʽµÎ¶¨¹ÜÁ¿È¡10.00mL´ý²âÒºÓÚ×¶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬µÎÈ뼸µÎ·Ó̪£®
£¨3£©ÓÃ0.20mol•L-1µÄ±ê×¼ÑÎËáµÎ¶¨´ý²âÒº£¬Åжϵζ¨ÖÕµãµÄÏÖÏóÊÇ£ºµ±µÎÈë×îºóÒ»µÎÑÎËᣬÈÜÒºÓɺìÉ«±äΪÎÞÉ«£¬ÇÒ°ë·ÖÖÓÄÚ²»ÍÊÉ«£®
£¨4£©Èç¹ûʵÑé²Ù×÷ÕýÈ·£¬´ÓµÎ¶¨¿ªÊ¼µ½½áÊø£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÀë×ÓŨ¶È¹ØÏµ¿ÉÒÔ³öÏÖµÄÊÇBC£¨Ìî´ð°¸×ÖĸÐòºÅ£©
A£®c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©
B£®c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨Cl-£©£¾c£¨H+£©
C£®c£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©+c£¨Cl-£©
D£®c£¨Cl-£©+c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©+c£¨H+£©
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐÊý¾Ý¼ÆË㣬c£¨NaOH£©0.40mol/L
| µÎ¶¨´ÎÊý | ´ý²âÒºÌå»ý£¨mL£© | ±ê×¼ÑÎËáÌå»ý£¨mL£© | |
| µÎ¶¨Ç°¶ÁÊý£¨mL£© | µÎ¶¨ºó¶ÁÊý£¨mL£© | ||
| µÚÒ»´Î | 10.00 | 0.60 | 20.50 |
| µÚ¶þ´Î | 10.00 | 3.00 | 23.10 |
A£®µÎ¶¨Ç°Æ½ÊÓ£¬µÎ¶¨ºó¸©ÊÓ
B£®Î´Óñê×¼ÒºÈóÏ´µÎ¶¨¹Ü
C£®Óôý²âÒºÈóÏ´×¶ÐÎÆ¿
D£®²»Ð¡ÐĽ«±ê×¼ÒºµÎÔÚ×¶ÐÎÆ¿ÍâÃæ£®
| A£® | F-¡¢Cl-¡¢Br-¡¢I-µÄ»¹ÔÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ | B£® | NaOH¡¢KOH¡¢RbOHµÄ¼îÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ | ||
| C£® | Li¡¢Na¡¢K¡¢Rb¡¢CsµÄ½ðÊôÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ | D£® | HF¡¢HCl¡¢HBr¡¢HIµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ |
| A£® | Ç¿µç½âÖʵÄÈÜÒºÒ»¶¨±ÈÈõµç½âÖʵÄÈÜÒºµ¼µçÐÔÇ¿ | |
| B£® | Ò×ÈÜÐÔÇ¿µç½âÖʵÄÈÜÒºÖв»´æÔÚÈÜÖÊ·Ö×Ó | |
| C£® | Ç¿µç½âÖʶ¼ÊÇÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎ¶øÈõµç½âÖʶ¼Êǹ²¼Û»¯ºÏÎï | |
| D£® | ÓÉÓÚÁòËá±µÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£¬ËùÒÔÊÇÈõµç½âÖÊ |
| A£® | µç½â¾«Á¶Íʱ£¬Ñô¼«ÄàÖк¬ÓÐZn¡¢Fe¡¢Ag¡¢AuµÈ½ðÊô | |
| B£® | ¸ù¾ÝKsp£¨CaCO3£©£¼Ksp£¨CaSO4£©£¬ÔÚÉú²úÖпÉÓÃNa2CO3ÈÜÒº´¦Àí¹øÂ¯Ë®¹¸ÖеÄCaSO4£¬Ê¹Ö®×ª»¯ÎªÊèËÉ¡¢Ò×ÈÜÓÚËáµÄCaCO3 | |
| C£® | ³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«´×ËáÏ¡ÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{3}COOH£©}$¼õС | |
| D£® | ÒÑÖª·´Ó¦£º3H2£¨g£©+WO3£¨s£©=W£¨s£©+3H2O£¨g£©Ö»ÓÐÔÚ¸ßÎÂʱ²ÅÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐУ¬ÔòËüµÄ¡÷S£¼0 |
| A£® | Ã÷·¯Ë®½âÐγɵÄAl£¨OH£©3½ºÌåÄÜÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÐü¸¡Î¿ÉÓÃÓÚË®µÄ¾»»¯ | |
| B£® | ÔÚº£ÂÖÍâ¿ÇÉÏÏâÈëп¿é£¬¿É¼õ»º´¬ÌåµÄ¸¯Ê´ËÙÂÊ | |
| C£® | 2NO£¨g£©+2CO£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2CO2£¨g£© ÔÚ³£ÎÂÏÂÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐУ¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ¡÷H£¼0 | |
| D£® | µç½âMgCl2±¥ºÍÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÖÆµÃ½ðÊôþ |
| A£® | ÕýÎìÍéºÍË® | B£® | äåÒÒÍéºÍË® | C£® | ÒÒËáºÍÒÒ´¼ | D£® | ±½ºÍË® |