【题目】Paleontologists(古生物专家) at the University of Alberta have developed a new theory to explain why the ancient ancestors of dinosaurs stopped moving about on all fours and rose up on just their two back legs.

Bipedalism(双腿直立行走) in dinosaurs was inherited from ancient and much smaller proto-dinosaurs. “The tails of proto-dinosaurs had big, leg-powering muscles,” says Persons. Having this muscle mass provided the strength and power required for early dinosaurs to stand on and move with their two back feet.

Over time, proto-dinosaurs developed to run faster and for longer distances. Adaptations like longer back legs allowed ancient dinosaurs to run faster, while smaller front legs helped to reduce body weight and improve balance. Eventually, some proto-dinosaurs gave up walking on fours altogether.

The research, conducted by Persons and Phil Currie, paleontologist and Canada Research Chair, also debunks(揭穿真相) theories that early proto-dinosaurs stood on two legs for the only purpose of free their hands for use in catching food. “Those explanations don’t stand up,”says Persons. It is more likely they seized their meals with their powerful jaws.

If it is true that bipedalism can develop to help animals run fast, why aren’t mammals like horses bipedal? “Largely because mammals don’t have those big tail-based leg muscles”, Persons explains. “Looking across the fossil record, we can trace when our proto-mammal ancestors actually lost those muscles. It seems to have happened back in the Permian period, over 252 million years ago.”

The researchers also claim that living in caves may have helped our ancestors to survive a mass extinction that occurred at the end of the Permian. But when proto-mammals came out from their caves, and some eventually developed to be fast runners, they lacked the tail muscles that would have helped them towards bipedalism.

【1】What helped dinosaurs walk with two back legs actually?

A. Big tail-based leg muscles.

B. Strong and powerful jaws.

C. The ability of improving balance.

D. Four legs with leg-powering muscles.

【2】Which of the following would Persons and Phil Currie agree with?

A. Our ancestors always had big tail-based leg muscles.

B. Ancient dinosaurs’ back legs helped to reduce body weight.

C. Many kinds of animals may have died out in the Permian period.

D. Most animals could stand on two legs with tail-based leg muscles.

【3】What’s the main idea of the text?

A. What bipedalism really means to mammals.

B. What caused dinosaurs to become movable.

C. How ancient dinosaurs actually lived in caves.

D. How dinosaurs learned to stand on their own two feet.

【题目】Some pigs lend to be optimistic while others have a more pessimistic view, according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study, published in the journal Biology Letters, is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment.

Asher, a researcher at his University of Newcastle’s Institute of Neuroscience, and her team housed groups of pigs in the two types of environments. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of sell, deep straw. After that, the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type of housing arrangement to train their judgment.

“To do this, we trained each pig there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets — specifically M&Ms, pigs love M&Ms — and in a bowl at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl that would contain coffee beans, which pigs find bitter-tasting,” senior author Lisa Collins said.

Over number of training trials, pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect M&Ms. On the contrary, they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it wasn’t in the comer where they would expect to find the coffee beans.

The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what, exhibiting optimism that it would contain their favorite seeds. Others, however, behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans, displaying pessimism.

The findings suggest that a one — size- fits - all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Student have suggested that how an animal is trended during his lifetime can directly affect meal quality and taste.

【1】What was the study devoted to figuring out?

A. The influence of pigs’ living environment.

B. The influence between humans and pigs.

C. The differences of two types of pigs’ personality.

D. The relationship between pigs’ mood and judgment.

【2】What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Simple. B. More comfortable.

C. Non-profitable. D. Less free.

【3】Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?

A. The bowl with chocolate sweets.

B. The bowl containing coffee beans.

C. The bowl full of both sweets and beans.

D. The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.

【4】What do the findings of the new research imply?

A. People should treat pigs equally.

B. People’s health relies on meat quality.

C. People should meet pigs’ various needs.

D. People’s attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for Writing Essays on Reading

Take a look at the follow list so that you know you’re writing the best possible essay on reading.

Read what you’re interested in.

If you know that you’re going to be writing an essay on reading, be sure to select a text that you’re interested in. 【1】 So make sure you read what you’re interested in.

Find your focus.

Before you write any kind of essay on reading, you need to decide what your essay on reading will be about. 【2】. Or you can select a theme based on the text.

Practice close reading.

Close reading is a way of analyzing a writer’s word choice and balancing critical thinking as you’re reading whatever text. 【3】 . For example, analyze why the writer said that the main character was walking quickly instead of running. There is a difference between those two word choices.

Ask questions.

If you’re having trouble writing your essay on reading, go back to the text and train yourself to ask thoughtful questions. 【4】 . For example, while reading "Old Man and the Sea," ask why Ernest Hemingway spends so much time with a man by himself.

【5】 .

Once you train yourself to ask questions, you need to look for clues in the text to lead you to a conclusion. As you look for answers in the text, sometimes you need to make a larger meaning out of something that seems small. This is called ubtext(潜台词).

A. Look for unspoken words

B. But it will be fun for you to write

C. You can write how the brain reacts to reading

D. Essays on reading could be one of the most interesting topics

E. Your essay will suffer if what you’re reading is boring to you

F. These kind of questions would be a great way to start your essay

G. As you analyze and practice close reading, take a look at the word choice

【题目】根据题意回答下列问题。

【1】下列有关区域发展的叙述，不正确的是（）

A. 区域发展要有针对性的因地制宜发展

B.区域发展应开发与治理并举

C.中国发展不属于区域发展

D.区域发展既要注重经济发展，又要注重环保

【2】有关我国自然地理要素的分布规律的叙述，正确的是（）

A.地貌从西向东表现为山地—高原—平原

B.气温无论冬夏均为由南向北递减，等温线和纬度大致平行

C.降水量从东南向西北递减

D.河流水量从北向南依次增大

【题目】太阳通过太阳辐射源源不断向地球传递能量，而太阳能是人类生活中经常利用的清洁无污染能源之一。据此回答下面小题。

【1】【1】地面获得太阳辐射能的多少，与下列要素成正相关的是（ ）

①太阳高度 ②地理纬度 ③大气厚度 ④大气透明度

A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④

【2】【2】下列城市中，最适宜利用太阳能热水器的是 （ ）

A. 拉萨市 （西藏） B. 重庆市 C. 成都市（四川） D. 上海市

【题目】北京时间2016年9月15日22时04分09秒，“天宫二号”空间实验室在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射，位于太平洋上的远望五号测量船（约150°E）对其进行同步监测。据此完成下列各题。

【1】

A. 南半球并向南移动 B. 南半球并向北移动

C. 北半球并向南移动 D. 北半球并向北移动

【2】

A. 9月15日22时04分09秒 B. 9月15日20 时04分09秒

C. 9月16日0 时04分09秒 D. 9月16日2 时04分09秒

【题目】据新华社电：2011年日本大地震后，富士山等13座活火山活动加剧，应密切关注。据此回答下面小题。

【1】火山口喷出的大量岩浆可能来源于（ ）

A. 岩石圈 B. 上地幔 C. 地核 D. 下地幔

【2】地面发生震动时，日本附近海域上人们的感觉是（ ）

A. 先上下颠簸，后左右摇晃 B. 先左右摇晃，后上下颠簸

C. 只有左右摇晃 D. 只有上下颠簸

【3】下列地区中，地壳厚度最大的是（ ）

A. 青藏高原 B. 东北平原 C. 塔里木盆地 D. 四川盆地

【题目】You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams (1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson (1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

【1】What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

D. Her community background.

【2】What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

【3】Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.

C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Park.

【4】What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.

B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.

D. They are peace-lovers.

【题目】朝鲜最高人民会议常任委员会颁布政令，决定自2015年8月15日起调整标准时，使用“平壤时间”，即以127°30′E为基准设定的朝鲜标准时间。朝鲜此前与韩国和日本一样，采用东九区区时作为标准时间。据此完成下列各题。

【1】

A. 不变 B. 调慢半小时 C. 拨快半小时 D. 拨快1小时

【2】

A. 不变 B. 减少半小时 C. 增加半小时 D. 增加1小时

【3】

A. 朝鲜此日昼短夜长

B. 此时地球公转速度较快

C. 此日直射点位于北半球且正向北移动

D. 此时南极附近出现极夜现象

【题目】冬至日（12月22日）凌晨4点（地方时）一架飞机从甲地（60°N、100°W）起飞，沿最近航线匀速飞行，8小时后抵达乙地（60°N、80°E）。据此回答下列问题。

【1】飞机途中航向（ ）

A.一直不变 B.先朝东北后朝东南

C.先朝西北后朝西南 D.先朝北后朝南

【2】这架飞机若以同样的速度，沿60°N纬线飞行，抵达乙地大致需要（ ）

A.12小时 B.16小时 C.20小时 D.24小时