【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s emails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication—emails，Web posts and reviews，facetoface conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn.colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.He found that science amazed The Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article was，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，Contagious：Why Things Catch On.

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【题目】宜居城市，顾名思义，即适宜人类居住（工作、生活）的城市。建设宜居城市已成为世界潮流。除了宜居城市，我们还可以引入一个“移居城市”的概念——吸引大量外来人口来此定居的城市。据此，回答下列各题。

【1】北京是中国的政治、文化中心，也是享誉世界的历史文化名城。但在部分人心目中，北京是很难和宜居画上等号的。你认为北京不宜居的原因有（ ）

①国际化都市 ②蜂拥的人群 ③恶劣的空气

④艺术的圣地 ⑤高价的住房 ⑥拥挤的交通

A．①②③⑥ B．①②④⑤ C．②③④⑤ D．②③⑤⑥

【2】珠江三角洲的东莞成为典型“移居”城市，其主要原因是（ ）

A．地理位置优越 B．海陆交通便利

C．经济发达，就业机会多 D．水热充足，气候宜人

【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣)．Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs.In their singleminded pursuit(追求) of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse, “I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.

Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

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【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A tender woman，or an independent one，which one would you prefer? A recent research shows that most people would choose the latter.

This type of woman is called a nühanzi (“tough woman”)．Experts believe these characteristics have social and psychological roots among young females in China.Su Hao’s friends all call her a tough woman，because she can finish tough tasks usually carried out by men.For example，she carries 10litre water to her dormitory on the 5th floor.“I depend on no one but myself，” she says.

According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily，tough women have become rather common in society.Of the 21,265 respondents,78.5 percent said they are familiar with a tough woman.About 50 percent said they like women with tough characteristics，while less than 29 percent expressed the opposite view.

Why are tough women gaining popularity? Shen Meng，a psychological consultant，believes the fierce competition in society is contributing to this trend.“Women are often in a disadvantaged position compared to men，” Shen says.“In order to survive，they have to be independent，strong and tough.” Liu Xiaolin，professor of psychology at Wuhan Mental Health Center，believes tough women are brought up this way.They are often on close relationship with their fathers，who teach their daughters to be brave and decisive，” he says.As a result，these women are more likely to be psychologically healthy and more tolerant to stress，according to Liu.

Though Liu believes that this is a good trend，Hu Shenzhi，a psychologist at the Guangdong Sunflower Counseling Center，says the popularity of tough woman indicates an unclear line between gender identities，which can lead to relationship problems.“Some women with characteristics that differ from the traditional female image may have a difficult time finding Mr Right，” he says.“Even if they get married，their manly characteristics might cause family conflicts.

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【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For those who study the development of intelligence in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement.An animal that is aware of itself has a high level of intelligence.

Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror，that is，its own reflected image.Many animals fail this exercise bitterly，paying little attention to the reflected image.Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.

Now another animal has joined the club.In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test.

“We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society，an author of the study with Joshua M．Plotnik and Fans B．M.de Waal of Emory University.“With their large brains，” Reiss said，“elephants seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”

The researchers tested Happy，Maxine and Patty，three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals’ play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras，including one built in the mirror.

The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.

Of the three，Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face.She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror，and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.

Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent，but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”

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【题目】生物质能是以生物为载体，将太阳能以化学能形式储存的一种能量，它直接或间接地来源于植物的光合作用。读我国三个省区生物质能资源状况表，完成下列各题。

【1】

A. 浙江丘陵多，江苏平原多 B. 江苏人口远少于浙江

C. 浙江的水热条件更好 D. 省区面积差异较大

【2】

A. 人口迁入多，矿物能源少 B. 气候干旱，植被稀疏

C. 交通落后，运输不便 D. 海拔较高，雪山面积小

【题目】一幅地图比例尺为1：500 000，图幅面积为10000平方厘米。根据需要，现用1：1000000的比例尺绘制同一地区的地图，据此回答下列问题。

【1】新图图幅的面积为

A．20 000平方厘米 B．2 500平方厘米

C．250平方厘米 D．5 000平方厘米

【2】新图与原图相比，表示的地理事物

A．更详细 B．没有变化 C．较粗略 D．相对位置发生变化

【题目】概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging，yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However，studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups，it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social，release endorphins(内啡肽)，and improve your strength.Additionally，group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.

Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate，then group training is an even better option for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you!

If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle，it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn’t scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift，encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class，with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!

Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First，decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.

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【题目】某山区为了改造低产的山坡地，先是增施肥料，但农作物增产效果微弱。后将山坡地改造成水平梯田，增产效果显著。完成下列各题。

【1】增施肥料效果微弱的最主要原因是该地

A.土层薄 B.降水变率大 C.坡度大 D.植被覆盖率低

【2】将山坡地改造成水平梯田，主要是为了

A.调节大气温度 B.提高土壤肥力 C.增大空气湿度 D.增加日照时数[来

【题目】我国是世界闻名的陶瓷古国，明清时期，“瓷都”景德镇是全国的瓷业中心，产品远销海内外，20世纪80年代初，广东省佛山市率先引进国外现代化陶瓷生产线，逐步发展成为全国乃至世界最大的陶瓷生产基地。2003年，佛山陶瓷主产区被划入中心城区范围，陶瓷产业向景德镇等陶瓷产地转移。据此完成下列各题。

【1】与景德镇相比，20世纪80年代佛山瓷业迅速发展的主要原因是

A.市场广阔 B.原材料充足 C.劳动力素质高 D.国家政策倾斜

【2】促使佛山陶瓷产业向外转移的主要原因是佛山

A.产业结构调整 B.原材料枯竭 C.市场需求减小 D.企业竞争加剧

【3】景德镇吸引佛山陶瓷产业转移的主要优势是

A.资金充足 B.劳动力成本低 C.产业基础好 D.交通运输便捷