【题目】阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

C

A new study provides the best evidence yet that wearing a back brace(背撑) will slow the progression of the most common form of scoliosis(背撑) in adolescents, helping them avoid painful spine(脊柱) operation.

Doctors have recommended bracing for more than 50 years, but until now, there was limited evidence that bracing and other conservative treatments relieved back pain or improved quality of life in patients.

“When you have teenagers who are anxious about wearing a brace to school or what their friends will think, it gave us a bit of heartache to try to convince them if we weren’t certain ourselves,” said Dr. Paul D. Sponseller at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, who was not involved in the study. “In light of this new evidence, we can say we really do have a basis for putting them through bracing.”

In the study, researchers led by Dr. Stuart L. Weinstein at the University of Iowa analyzed data on 242 young patients. The children were all aged 10-15 and they all had a spinal curvature(脊柱弯曲) of 20-40 degrees.

The patients were divided into two groups. One group were used for observation(they did not use bracing) ; the other group were required to wear the brace for at least 18 hours daily

In the analysis that included both groups, the rate of treatment success was 72% among children with bracing, compared with 48% among those under observation. The benefit increased when the participants had longer bracing hours. More than 90% of the children who were successfully treated wore their braces more than 13 hours a day.

When her daughter Maddie was diagnosed with scoliosis at age 10, Becky Houser, of North Liberty, Iowa, wanted to avoid operations “at all costs.” So Maddie, a participant in Weinstein’s study, chose to wear a brace.

“We didn’t want to not do anything,” said Houser, who underwent an operation for scoliosis thirty years ago.

After three years of bracing, Maddie, now 13, was thrilled to learn that her spinal curvature was holding steady at 28 degrees. She no longer needs bracing because she has reached the age when children achieve bone maturity.

“We are extremely relieved,” Houser said.

【1】 In the past, when Sponseller recommended bracing he .

A. tried to improve the treatment

B. was unsure about its effectiveness

C. was worried about patients’ life quality

D. considered other people’s opinions first

【2】 Most participants using the brace found .

A. it was a successful treatment

B. long bracing hours were harmful

C. it had both advantages and disadvantages

D. those under observation recovered mush faster

【3】What was Houser’s attitude towards the spine operation?

A. She was uncertain about it.

B. She was hopeful of it.

C. She disapproved of it.

D. She tolerated it.

【4】 Why was Houser’s family extremely relieved?

A. Houser was successful treated.

B. Maddie’s scoliosis was under control.

C. The research was eventually completed.

D. Conservative treatments were finally accepted.

【5】 What is the passage mainly about?

A. The spinal curvature’s progression.

B. The most common form of scoliosis.

C. A detailed analysis of spine operation.

D. A new study on the effectiveness of bracing.

【题目】阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

D

In my mind, there is a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart.

Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys, he got absolutely nowhere. At all the games, this hopeful athlete sat on the bench and hardly ever played.

This teenager lived alone with his father, and the two of them had a very special relationship. Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always in the stands cheering. He never missed a game. This young man was still the smallest of the class when he entered high school. But his father continued to encourage him.

The young man loved football and was determined to try his best at every practice, and perhaps he’d get to play when he became a senior. All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game but remained a bench-warmer. Besides, his faithful father was always in the stands, always with words of encouragement for him. When the young man went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a “walk-on”. Everyone was sure he could never make the cut, but he did.

The news that he had survived the cut thrilled him so much that he rushed to the nearest phone and called his father. His father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all the college games. This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his four years at college, but he never got to play in a game.

It was at the end of his senior football season that the coach met him with a telegram. The young man read the telegram and he became totally silent. Swallowing hard, he mumbled to the coach, “My father died this morning. Is it all right if I miss practice today?” The coach put his arm gently around his shoulder and said, “Take the rest of the week off, son. And don’t even plan to come back to the game on Saturday.”

Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. In the third quarter, when the team was ten points behind, a silent young man quietly slipped into the empty locker room and put on his football gear. As he ran onto the sidelines(边线), the coach and his players were surprised to see their faithful teammate back so soon. “Coach, please let me play. I’ve just got to play today,” said the young man. The coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his worst player in this close playoff game. But the young man insisted, and finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in. “All right,” he said. “You can go in." Before long, the coach, the players and everyone in the stands could not believe their eyes. This little unknown, who had never played before was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, he passed, blocked, and tackled like a star. His team began to succeed. The score was soon tied. In the closing seconds of the game, this kid got a pass and ran all the way for the winning touchdown.

Finally, after the stands had emptied, the coach noticed that this young man was sitting quietly in the corner all alone. The coach came to him and said, “Kid, you were fantastic! Tell me what got into you? How did you do it?”

He looked at the coach, with tears in his eyes, and said, “Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind?” The young man swallowed hard and forced a smile, “Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him I could make it!”

【1】 What’s the writer’s attitude toward the young boy in the passage?

A. Appreciative.

B. Critical.

C. Grateful.

D. Negative.

【2】What does the underlined sentence “he got absolutely nowhere” mean?

A. He could never make his father see his performance clearly.

B. There was no chance of his becoming a top athlete in this sport.

C. There was no coach to train him well enough to be a good player.

D. He had no idea at all what kind of person he wanted to be in future.

【3】 Who felt very pleased when the young man was chosen to be a member of his college team?

A. His teachers and classmates.

B. His coach and teammates.

C. His parents and relatives.

D. He himself and his father.

【4】 From the passage, we can infer that _________.

A. the young man’s coach played an important role in his growth

B. the young man’s father had a great positive influence on him

C. not until his father passed away did the young man train hard

D. the young man’s road to success in football was always smooth

【5】Why did the young man return to the match on Saturday?

A. He hoped his dead father could be proud of his performance.

B. He thought he was much better than other players in his team.

C. He wanted to defeat the opposing team in this significant game.

D. He planned to make money to cure his father of his blindness.

【6】 What’s the best title of the passage?

A. A thrilling football match

B. Determined father and son

C. The power of dreams

D. The encouragement of a coach

【题目】我国自然灾害类型多样，发生频率高、强度大。回答下列问题。

【1】我国自然灾害种类多、频次高的原因是（ ）

①特殊的地理位置 ②多山的地貌 ③强烈的地壳活动 ④不稳定的季风环流控制

A．①② B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①②③④

【2】我国东南半壁灾害点位多，西北半壁灾害点位稀少的主要原因在于（ ）

A．东南部防灾意识强，西北部减灾能力强

B．东南部人多地少，环境问题多而重；西北部人少地多，生态脆弱

C．东南部人口稠密，经济发达，受灾体多；西北部受灾体少

D．东南部季风气候，西北部大陆性气候

【题目】任何天体在宇宙中都有自己的位置，各种天体之间相互吸引、相互绕转，形成天体系统。回答下列问题。

【1】晴朗的夜晚，我们用肉眼观察下列各种天体的感觉，叙述正确的是（ ）

①星光闪烁的恒星 ②在星空中有明显移动的行星 ③一闪即逝的彗星 ④轮廓模糊的流星

A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④

【2】在各种天体系统中，银河系是（ ）

①最高一级天体系统 ②与河外星系是同一级别的天体系统 ③比太阳系低一级的天体系统

④比地月系高两级的天体系统

A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③

【题目】“全球变暖”已是不争的事实，同时越来越多的证据表明，与之相伴随的还有“全球变暗”，即地球大气中的悬浮颗粒物增加，云层变厚，能够直接到达地球表面的阳光逐渐减少，地球因此而变得越来越“暗”。据此完成下列问题。

【1】引起“全球变暖”和“全球变暗”的主要人为原因都是

A．太阳辐射能力在减弱

B．使用化石燃料等排放出大量微粒物

C．火山喷发产生的火山灰

D．沙尘暴肆虐全球

【2】“全球变暖”将导致多方面的变化，下列变化不可能的是

A．海平面上升

B．暴雨、洪涝、干旱等灾害事件增加

C．冰川覆盖面积扩大

D．对人类健康的威胁会增加

【题目】下表为我国9月26日四城市的实测气温数据。回答下列问题。

【1】最低气温拉萨比杭州低，主要原因是拉萨（ ）。

A．纬度低 B．大气削弱作用强

C．大气保温作用弱 D．大气反射作用弱

【2】北京比海口气温日较差（一天中最高气温与最低气温的差）大，主要原因是（ ）。

A．纬度高 B．白昼短

C．大气吸收能力强 D．天气晴朗

【题目】稀土被称为是现代工业的“维生素”和“21世纪新材料宝库”，广泛应用于尖端科技领域，是不可再生的战略资源。我国内蒙古、江西、贵州、湖北、广东等省区储量丰富。据此下列问题。

【1】除原料之外，在湖北布局稀土提炼厂的优势条件是

A．市场广阔 B．劳动力丰富

C．技术水平高 D．水能资源充足

【2】某国企到马来西亚投资建设稀土提炼厂，遭到当地居民的强烈反对，原因是

A．冲击当地产业 B．加大环境污染

C．占用耕地多 D．运输成本高

【题目】表为四个国家的主要人口指标，据表回答下列问题。

【1】下列说法正确的是

A．2009年中国人口密度高于印度

B．2009年中国男女性出生时预期寿命差值与美国相等

C．2010年中国0-14岁人口比重与法国最接近

D．2000-2010年期间中国人口增长速度最慢

【题目】按常理，鸭子长得越快鸭农越赚钱。但在湖北云梦、京山等地，一些鸭农却养起了“慢生鸭”。在自然环境捕食，辅之以麦麸、玉米、谷糠和青饲料，比用有添加剂的浓缩饲料喂养晚2个多月才能出栏，但肉质好，价格高，成为更有赚头的绿色食品。据此回答下列问题。

【1】“慢生鸭”饲养者在利于消费者健康前提下获取高利润的做法，体现了可持续发展的

A．公平性原则 B．持续性发展

C．共同性原则 D．公正性原则

【2】“绿色食品”是当今的热门话题。为了生产“绿色食品”，下列措施中正确的是

①使用有剧毒的农药防治病虫害 ②引进抗病虫害的优良品质

③在面粉中添加增白剂、防腐剂 ④利用作物害虫的天敌防治病虫害等

A． B． C． D．

【题目】阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

Imagine a picnic dinner held at an undisclosed location only made known hours before the meal begins, where guests are invited to decorate empty tables and chairs, bring their favorite dishes and wear white to reflect the simplicity of the event.

This was the scene at a PopUp dinner held Saturday in Brooklyn, New York’s Prospect Park. PopUp dinners are popping up all over the country — not just in Brooklyn. Garrett Sathre and his wife and business partner, Nicole Benjamin-Sathre are the team behind Hand Made Events and the creators and hosts of the PopUp dinners. Sathre, a former restaurateur and head chef to Bubba’s Diner and Kitchen 39, both located in the Bay Area, came up with the concept of the flash dinner after he was inspired by the annual Dner en Blanc held in Paris.

In 2011, Hand Made Events used the power of social media to get the word out and soon, enough interest was attracted. In October 2011, it held its first flash dinner, calling the evening Le Dner à San Francisco at Golden Gate Park’s outdoor Music Pavilion. He described it as a picnic dinner for 3,500 people. “I thought we would have anywhere between 300-500 people to attend. Two articles ran a week later about my crazy idea and we got 15,000 emails in a matter of three days,” Sathre said.

After the success of the San Francisco dinner, Sathre decided to expand his “crazy idea” and hold dinners across the country in major market such as Brooklyn, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Sathre says their Brooklyn PopUp on June 13 sold 5,000 tickets in just four days with 5,000 on the waiting list raising over $160,000 in ticket sales. Those are some big numbers. Hand Made Events partners with the Prospect Park Alliance and gives all of their proceeds to the nonprofit group. In total, the Brooklyn PopUp dinner raised over $60,000 for the Prospect Park Alliance. Hand Made Events sees the same interest in their smaller city locations. “We have seen a 30 percent increase in our smaller markets — Minneapolis, San Diego, Charleston, and Miami every year,” Sathre said.

Hand Made Events has eight more dinners planned nationwide this year, and six already scheduled for next year. The popularity is not just here in the states. Sathre says he sees photos of other groups holding similar events everywhere through social media. Just last year, Hand Made Events helped a woman in Kenya plan her own flash dinner via Skype. “This event crosses and appeals to all cultures. There are not many events, if any, that bring all people together like the PopUp,” he said.

【1】 Which words can best describe the event held in Brooklyn?

A. Popular and simple.

B. Creative but undesirable.

C. Random and crazy.

D. Inspiring but unsuccessful.

【2】We can learn from the passage that Hand Made Events .

A. is an organization which helps the homeless and the poor

B. is made up of about 500 volunteers around the world

C. has already held several dinners in some smaller cities

D. intends to collect money for non-profit groups

【3】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The Sathres are proud of the contribution they have made.

B. Social media has promoted the spread of PopUp dinners.

C. Hand Made Events has planned six dinners in Kenya.

D. The PopUp dinner is gaining its popularity worldwide.

【4】 Which of the following descriptions about the PopUp is NOT true ?

A. It was first held in 2011.

B. It can be seen across the country.

C. It enjoys popularity around the world.

D. It is the only one of the events that brings all people together.

【5】 What is the main idea of this passage?

A. A new kind of cooking culture has spread worldwide on social media.

B. PopUp dinners provide diners with unique outdoor experience.

C. Flash dinners influence the dining culture in the US.

D. Picnic dinners are very popular in the US.