Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Wars and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they appear again in dreams.

     Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of sad memories.

    In November, some scientists tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body producing chemicals (化学品) that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

    The research has caused plenty of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.

     Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.

     "Some memories can destroy people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a dream. They usually come with very sad emotions." said Roger Pitman, a scientist of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve  (减轻) a lot of that suffering. "

    But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous co change memories because memories give us our identity  (特质), They also help us all get away from the mistakes of the past.

    "All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to erase those memories," said Rebecca Dresser.

    59.  The passage is mainly about________

         A. a new medical invention          B. a new research on memories

         C. a way of erasing sad memories     D. an argument about the research on the pill

    60.  The underlined word "scars" in Paragraph One is close in meaning to ________.

         A. good stories                      B. sad feelings

         C. experiences                      D. memories

    61.  We can infer from the passage that________.

         A. people doubt the effects of the pills

         B. the pill will stop people's bad experiences

         C. taking the pill will do harm to people's health

         D. the pill has probably been produced in America

    62.  Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?

         A. Some memories can destroy people's lives.

         B. People want to get away from bad memories.

         C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.

         D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

   

Introduction :

     Speaking English is not only about using proper grammar. To use English correctly, you need to understand the culture in which it is spoken. Here are a number of important tips (告诫)  to remember when speaking English in the USA.

General Points to Remember

   Most Americans only speak English:

While it is true that more and more Americans

speak Spanish, most Americans only speak

English.

  Americans have difficulty understanding

foreign accents (口音): Many Americans are

not used to foreign accents.

Conversation Tips

      Speak about location.

  Talk about work: Americans commonly ask "what do you do?" It's not thought impolite (as in some countries)  and is a popular topic to discuss between strangers.

     Talk about sports.

Addressing (称呼) People

   Use last names with people you do not know. Always use "Ms" when addressing women. Many Americans prefer first names.

   Americans prefer informal: In general,

Americans prefer informal greetings and using

first names or nicknames when speaking with workmates and friends.

Public Behavior

     Always shake hands.

     Look your partner in the eyes.

     Don't hold hands: Same sex friends do not usually hold hands or put their arms around each other in public in the USA.

      Smoking is out! Smoking, even in public places, is strongly disagreed by most modern Americans.

     55.  What is necessary to know when we speak English besides using grammar?

         A. Introduction.       B. The culture.       C. Grammar.        D. Topics.

     56.  If you are introduced to a woman called Pearl S. Buck,  how should you address her usually?

         A. Mrs. Pearl.        B. Miss Pearls.     C. Ms Buck.        D. Madam Buck.

     57.  We can learn from the text that________

         A. Americans shake hands when greeting same sex friends

         B. when you speak to others, it's polite to look into their eyes

         C. different sex friends should hold hands when first meeting

         D. smoking is allowed in the modem United States

     58.  What would be the best title for the text?

         A. American English Tips                   B. Language Differences

         C. The Different Language Culture            D. American Customs

   

    Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland, but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.

    One night, the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. "We will rest here tonight, my men.”  he said. Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die."

    They were all very tired, so they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they, too, were very tired, and one by one, also fell asleep.

    The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside, taking care not to make a sound. Closer and closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more, the war would be over.  Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟).He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment, they were on their feet and ready for battle. The fighting was hard but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country.

     The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.

      51.  Hundreds of years ago there was a war between ________            .

          A. Roman army and North England           B. Roman army and the Scots

          C. England and Scots                      D. a brave people and the Scots

     52.  "We must win or we will die." What the leader of the Scots said means________

          A. they were sure to win

          B. they couldn't escape from death

          C. they would win and then they would die

          D. they must try hard to win, otherwise they would be killed

     53.  The Romans climbed up the hill quietly because ________.

          A. they didn't want to wake the Scots

          B. they wanted to reach the top

          C. they wanted to catch the four guards first

          D. they were afraid of the sharp needles of the thistle

     54.  The people of Scotland made thistle their national flower because ________

          A. it is a beautiful plant

          B. it is fresh and lovely

          C. it had so many sharp needles all over it

          D. it was the thistle that helped the Scots to win the battle

   

Children's education is changing very fast today. In the past, teachers made children sit quietly for hours.  They made them remember all kinds of things. The children had to go on reading things again and again until they knew them "by heart". Today many teachers wonder if it is possible to make children learn at all. They say you can only help them learn. They say you must let children learn and discover things for themselves. But for some of the children, school is a kind of place they cannot escape from. They are there only because their parents make them go. They get out of the classroom as soon as the teachers let them leave. Many of them want to find jobs but the law will not let them work until they reach a certain age. And so, they have to stay in school. Often they do not learn anything at all and hate every moment.

    48.  In the past, the students had to________.

         A. sit quietly for hours          B. remember all kinds of things

         C. read things again and again    D. do all of the above

    49.  Now many teachers think that________.

        A. they don't need to give the students lessons

        B. they should help the students discover things

        C. they shouldn't let the students learn and discover things

        D. they can help the students and let them learn and discover things

    50.  Some of the students go to school because________.

        A. they want to find some jobs

        B. they do not learn anything at all

        C. their parents make them go

        D. they hate school and stay there as a place to escape from

   

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