Question

【题目】Elephants are the largest land animals alive today.African elephants live in family groups called herds(群).All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other.The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant.She is the matriarch (族长).A herd may have as few as eight or as many as 100elephants.The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to keep them safe from coming danger.

Elephants learn by watching and copying other elephants， and also learn from life.Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about ten years old.Elephants live to be 50or 60years old.Elephants are smart animals with long memories.In the dry season， a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past.The herd will follow her there.She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast—moving river.

Elephants talk to each other with rumbling sounds.Some rumbling sounds are so low and deep that people are unable to hear them.Elephants hear sounds not only with their ears， but also with their feet， and even trunks (long noses of the elephants).They also greet each other by touching with their trunks and feet.If danger appears， mothers beat their ears to call their babies to them.

Other animals don’t usually attack(攻击) elephants.However， a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby.If this happens， the adult elephants circle around the baby elephants.The adults make louder sounds and hit the ground with their trunks.The matriarch puts herself between the lion and the herd.She beats her ears out to make herself look even larger.Then she lowers her herd and attacks the enemy(敌人) in a big cloud of dust(灰尘).

【1】According to Paragraph(段落) One， an elephant herd .

A. has a father elephant as the leader

B. owns a matriarch who keeps it away from danger

C. always has several leaders and hundreds of elephants

【2】Long memories help elephants to .

A. choose their matriarch B. communicate with each other C. find water and cross the river

【3】What does the underlined word "rumbling" mean？

A. 低沉的 B. 尖细的 C. 高亢的

【4】Why do the adult elephants circle around their babies？

A. To keep their babies safe. B. To welcome their friends. C. To attack their enemies.

【5】The passage mainly tells us about .

A. why the elephants live in herds

B. what the elephants’ living habits are

C. how the elephants avoid being attacked

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】 B

【2】 C

【3】 A

【4】 A

【5】 B

【解析】

很多人都喜欢大象，它是陆地上最大的动物，除此之外但你对大象还了解多少呢？这篇短文给我们介绍了大象的一些生活习性。

【1】细节理解题。根据短文第一段中African elephants live in family groups called herds(群). All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is an old mother elephant. She is the matriarch (族长). The other elephants follow the matriarch because she knows how to keep them safe from coming danger.可知，大象是群居动物，首领是一头年纪大的母象，她是族长，她知道如何保护群里的大象远离危险。由此可知应选B。

【2】细节理解题。根据短文第二段中Elephants are smart animals with long memories. In the dry season, a matriarch can remember where water was found in the past. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the safest place for baby elephants to cross a fast—moving river.可知，大象有很长的记忆，这样在干旱的季节里，母象可以记住过去水的存在；她还能记得最安全的地方。由此可知应选C。

【3】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的上下文的语境Elephants talk to each other with rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so low and deep that people are unable to hear them.可知，rumbling是大象发出的声音，是很低沉的，人们听不到。故应选A。

【4】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中However, a lion might try to attack a sick elephant or a baby. If this happens, the adult elephants circle around the baby elephants.可知，在狮子攻击生病的大象或者是幼象的时候，成年的大象会把幼象围在中间，这样做是为了保护幼象。故应选A。

【5】主旨大意题。根据文意可知，这篇短文给我们介绍了大象的一些生活习性，包括大象群居，他们有一个族长；他们之间如何交流；收到攻击的时候他们会怎样等等。因此B选项最能概括文章的大意，选B。

这是一篇科普说明文，给我们介绍了大象的生活习性。文章篇幅较长，体裁是说明文，在理解上有一定的难度。后面的题目设置有细节理解题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。猜测词义的题目常考查学生们在具体语境中，猜测一个生词的意思。做题时，必须将该词还原到具体的语言环境中，根据上下文的线索猜测。例如第3小题，这个题目考查rumbling这个单词的意思，根据它所在的上下文Elephants talk to each other with rumbling sounds. Some rumbling sounds are so low and deep that people are unable to hear them可知，这是大象发出的声音，且下句话说到这种声音是low and deep即低沉的，故应选A。