Question

【题目】 Sometimes our body does things we don't ask it to do. Sneezing(打喷嚏),coughing, blinking(眨眼睛)and even yawning(打哈欠)are examples of involuntary movements or reflex actions(反射动作). What makes our body do these things?

These involuntary actions are a response(反应)to a stimulus(刺激). When we do these things, our body is trying to protect itself. If an irritant(刺激物)such as pollen(花粉)from plants gets into our nose or nasal passages(鼻腔通道),our body sneezes to get it out. If we breathe in dust, our body coughs to remove it from our lungs(肺)or windpipe. We blink in order to keep our eyes clean and moist(湿润)and to prevent dust and other things from staying on them. A yawn is our body's way of making us put more oxygen into our bloodstream.

. These involuntary movements happen because our brain is giving out signals. There is a system of nerves(神经)called the central nervous system, that covers our entire body: from the brain, down the spinal cord(脊髓)inside our spinal column (the bones that do down our back,to the tips of our fingers and toes. When our body parts sense certain things, like a mosquito蚊子)bite, a message is sent to our brain. Then the brain sends a message back to itch(发痒).

Without these reflex actions, we would not live very long.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A.We would not live long without movements.B.Why our body does involuntary movements.

C.We sneeze to get out an irritant such as pollen.D.How our brain is giving out signals to our nerves.

【2】If dust comes into our eyes, we will________ to protect our body.

A.coughB.sneezeC.blinkD.yawn

【3】Which of the following sentences can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?

A.What tells our body to take care of us the way it does?

B.Don't you think it is interesting for our body to do so?

C.What can we do when involuntary movements happen?

D.How can we avoid stimulus to protect our own body?

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】A

【解析】

我们的身体经常会做出一些不自主的反应，如打喷嚏、打哈欠、眨眼、咳嗽等，为什么会这样呢？这篇短文给我们做了详细的介绍。

【1】主旨大意题。根据文意以及短文第一段“Sneezing(打喷嚏),coughing, blinking(眨眼睛)and even yawning(打哈欠)are examples of involuntary movements or reflex actions(反射动作). What makes our body do these things?”可知，这篇短文给我们介绍的是我们的身体为什么会做出一些不自主的反应。故选B。

【2】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“We blink in order to keep our eyes clean and moist(湿润)and to prevent dust and other things from staying on them.”可知，当有灰尘进入我们的眼睛时，我们会眨眼，保持眼睛的干净和湿润。故选C。

【3】推理判断题。该空位于这一段的开头，一般这个位置是该段的主旨句，因此结合这一段的内容尤其是空格后的这句话“These involuntary movements happen because our brain is giving out signals.” “这些不自主的动作是因为我们的大脑在发出信号”可知，这里介绍的是“是什么告诉我们的身体用这种方式保护我们”。故选A。

这是一篇科普类的说明文，短文是来告诉我们一些知识的，内容有关于我们自己的身体，话题非常熟悉，学生们也易于理解。这种题材的文章往往中心比较明确，结构清晰，易于学生们把握文章大意。题目设置比较全面，有细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意，细节题要稍简单，答案常可以直接在原文找到，做题时把握两个方面：一是从题干中确定一个关键词；二是利用关键词在短文中定位。推理题考查学生们依据文章内容进行合理的猜测或者判断，有时短文中并没有直接告诉我们答案，我们应根据文章的逻辑进行猜测；还有的题目考查判断正误，学生们需要阅读文章多处信息作答。主旨题应注意结合全文大意，一般来说，文章的主旨句常常出现在首段首尾句或尾段首尾句，因此这几个位置是学生们需要特别注意的地方。