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The Great Wall of China is one of th e £¨76£©greatestwonders of the world£®The entire wall£¬which has many branches£¬is about 8 800 kilometers long£®It£¨77£©stretchesfrom Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west£®The construction was begun £¨78£©duringthe Warring States Period£¬which was about 2 500 years ago£®The state of Qin£¬Wei£¬Zhao£¬Qi£¬Yan and Zhongshan all built walls to protect their people£®The first emperor£¬Qi Shihuang£¬joined all£¨79£©thesesmaller walls together to make the Great Wall£®These early walls that were made of packed earth and wood wore £¨80£©awayin the rain and wind£®£¨81£©fewof these walls remain£®Most of the Great Wall that can be seen today was £¨82£©builtduring the Ming dynasty£®It was made of stone and brick that would last longer£®The Great Wall was  £¨83£©oncebuilt by ancient people to separate them from their  £¨84£©enemies£®Those Ming Dynasty rulers did not expect that it would later be used to bring tourists into China£®It is said that he  £¨85£©whohas never been to the Great Wall is not a true man£®The Great Wall is a treasure of Chinese civilization and it is regarded as a symbol of the Chinese nation£®

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19£®Celebrating New Year's Day is one of the oldest and most exciting traditions around the world£®Since this festival marks the beginning of the year£¬New Year's Day is thought of as a perfect time for a"clean start"£®People in the world decide to act better in the year just beginning than the year just ended£®
No day has ever been celebrated in so many different ways£®All over the world£¬countries have their own special beliefs about what the New Year means to them£®
In Scotland£¬the New Year is called Hogmanay£®In the villages of Scotland£¬barrels of tar £¨Á¤Çࣩ are set on fire£®It represents that the old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter£®
New Year's Day is also the Festival of Saint Basil in Canada£®Children leave their shoes by the fireside on New Year's Day with the hope that Saint Basil£¬who is famous for his kindness£¬will come and fill their shoes with gifts£®
The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah£®It is an important time when Jews promise to do better in the future£®Special services are held in the church£¬children are given new clothes and New Year bread is cooked to remind people of harvest time£®
On New Year's Day in Japan£¬everyone gets dressed in their new clothes and homes are decorated £¨×°ÊΣ© with bamboos-symbols of long life£®
I European countries such as Germany£¬France and Belgium£¬families start the New Year by first attending church services£®Afterwards£¬they visit friends and relatives£®In France£¬boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day£®
New Year celebrations around the £¨1£©world
Country/peopleCelebration activitiesSpecial beliefs

Scotland
People £¨2£©burnbarrels of tar£®The old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter£®

Canada
Children leave their £¨3£©shoes by the fireside£®Their shoes will be £¨4£©filledwith gifts by Saint Basil£®

Jews
It is a time for people to £¨5£©promiseto do better in the future£®
People £¨6£©cook New Year Bread to remind of harvest time£®

Japan
People £¨7£©weartheir new clothes£®
Homes are decorated with bamboos£®
Symbols of£¨8£©long life
European£¨9£©countriesPeople attend church servicesbefore£¨10£©beforevisiting friends and relatives£®

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