题目内容
【题目】 A new rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统) has been put into use in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes(二维码) on it.
"When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money," one of the local people told reporters. "It's really creative and encouraging."
This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organization for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills(填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What's more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits(经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting systems.
Japan has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, the wrapper(包装纸) and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins. Every year, families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.
In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins — the red lid(盖子) bin for "general waste" like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for "recycling" like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for "green waste" such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.
【1】What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community?
A. A computer.B. A car.C. A lot of money.D. Some small gifts.
【2】Which of the following is NOT the consequence(后果) of burying rubbish?
A. Polluting soil.B. Polluting water.C. Taking up a lot of land.D. Saving resources.
【3】In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in?
A. The red lid bin.B. The yellow lid bin.
C. The green lid bin.D. The black lid bin.
【4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. In Australia, the green lid bin is used for all kinds of recyclable(可回收的) wastes.
B. In Japan, all kinds of things for recycling are printed on rubbish bins.
C. Japanese people cannot throw a bottle into a bin unless they move away the wrapper first.
D. Australian people have to obey local timetables and directions to throw away rubbish strictly.
【答案】
【1】D
【2】D
【3】A
【4】C
【解析】
文章介绍了中国一些城市使用垃圾分类系统的情况，以前使用垃圾填埋污染附近的水和土壤，焚烧垃圾污染空气，垃圾分类减少了污染，还产生经济效益，也介绍了日本和澳大利亚垃圾分类的情况。
【1】细节理解题。根据When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,可知，居民把垃圾分类后，他们能得到一个下礼物甚至一些钱；故选D。
【2】细节理解题。根据Landfills(填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases.可知，填埋场占用大量土地，污染土壤和水，燃烧垃圾产生有害气体；故选D。
【3】细节理解题。In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins — the red lid(盖子) bin for "general waste" like food and plastic bags,可知，食物应放在红色盖子的垃圾桶里；故选A。
【4】推理判断题。根据In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins — the red lid(盖子) bin for "general waste" like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for "recycling" like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for "green waste" such as grass and leaves.可知A不对；根据On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside.可知B不对；根据When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, the wrapper(包装纸) and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins.可知C对；根据Every year, families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.可知是日本，不是澳大利亚，所以D不对；故选C。
短文阅读，做题时要结合文章的特点，题目涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断，做题时要在了解文章大意的基础上，结合题目针对不同的题型采用不同的解答方式，比如细节理解题，我们要抓住里面的最有效的信息选择出正确的答案，总之理解透文章是做好一篇阅读理解的关键。例如：小题2 细节理解题。根据Landfills(填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases.可知，填埋场占用大量土地，污染土壤和水，燃烧垃圾产生有害气体；故选D。
