题目内容
【题目】Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later?
The next time this happens to you, think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.
New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.
Recently, researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours.
During the following visit, their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session, the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions, people who sleep less ate on an average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep.
What Is Going On?
The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化学成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.
Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids - the same chemical that is caused by drugs such as cannabis (大麻). The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs!
Furthermore, researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time, well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods, leading to obesity (肥胖).
Your body needs 7-8 hours of sleep each night. So, the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake, think of the amount of sleep you have had recently!
【1】According to the passage, people want to eat more when they ________.
A．work B．watch TV C．sleep less D．sleep more
【2】The word ‘crave’ in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A．hope B．want C．hate D．dislike
【3】From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate
B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less
C．a person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite
D．a study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago
【4】The chemical that makes us feel hungry is called ________.
A．ghrelin B．leptim
C．cannabis D．endocannabinoids
【5】This article is mainly about ________.
A．researchers working on people’s sleep
B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite
C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less
D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】D
【4】A
【5】B
【解析】
试题分析：短文大意：本文主要讲述了人们的睡眠如何影响他们的食欲，新的研究表明，睡眠不足会导致人们食欲的增加。
【1】C细节理解题。根据短文第三段New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.可知， 睡眠不足会导致我们有食欲增加。所以该选C。
【2】B词义猜测题。根据句意：许多成年人甚至青少年意识到他们在工作或看电视时渴望“午夜点心”，可知与want意思相近。所以该选B。
【3】D细节理解题。根据短文第四段到短文结束可知, 一项关于睡眠和肥胖的研究在芝加哥大学进行。所以该选D。
【4】A细节理解题。根据短文倒数第四段High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep描述可知，叫做生长素的化学物质使我们感到饥饿。所以该选A。
【5】B主旨大意题。根据短文大意可知，本文主要讲述了人们的睡眠如何影响他们的食欲。所以该选B。
