题目内容
【题目】 The FDA is the common name for the Food and Drug Administration (食品药品监督管理局). It is a government agency that makes consumer goods safe. It regulates(调节) food and the food supply. It also controls diet supplement(供给). The FDA also makes sure that drugs and medical instruments are safe and effective.
For drugs and medical machines to be accepted, they must go through a certain process. There are many strict tests. First, anything that humans use must be tested on animals. This may take up to 6 years. Then, it must be tested with a few people. Testing on 15 to 20 people can last up to a year and a half. Third, a mid-sized group (100 to 500 people) is used. This often takes two years. Then a large group is tested over 3 years. Of 5,000 drugs discovered, only 5 go to the final test. Of that, only one passes on to the market.
Food supplements like ginseng(人参) follow a different path. The FDA does not test them as they do for drugs. The agency only controls these products if they are unsafe but are already being sold. Two exceptions are baby and medical food. Because those that use them are not strong, the FDA is more careful with these products.
Labeling(标签) is a major focus. A label must show what a product is for. For drugs, labels should say the name of the drug and what it is used for. It should also detail who should take it and list any side effects. It needs to detail directions for pregnant women, children, or old people. It also needs to detail safety information.
The FDA protects the public from harm. It achieves this through controls and labeling. It has standards for effectiveness in medical products. It also has standards for how information is shared.
【1】According to the passage, how many drugs make it to the market?
A.Nearly five thousand.B.One of five thousand.
C.Five of five thousand.D.Over five thousand.
【2】The writer uses food supplements as an example of which of the following?
A.Things the FDA avoidsB.Things the FDA controls
C.Things the FDA buysD.Things the FDA refuses
【3】What do we know about labeling from paragraph 4?
A.It is a necessary way to protect the public.
B.It does not matter if people read the labels or not.
C.It is only good if people can find the label.
D.It has no use if doctors tell people what to do.
【4】Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】
【1】B
【2】B
【3】A
【4】B
【解析】
这篇短文主要介绍了食品药品监督管理局的功能作用及它对药品和医疗器械等的监管流程。
【1】细节理解题。根据“Of 5,000 drugs discovered, only 5 go to the final test. Of that, only one passes on to the market.”可知五千分之一的药能进入市场，故选B。
【2】细节理解题。根据第三段介绍食品药品监督管理局对类似人参这样的补品采取不测试只管控的途径可知作者使用补品作为FDA控制物品的例子来介绍，故选B。
【3】推理判断题。第四段介绍了标签必须显示产品的用途、详细说明服用对象、列出任何副作用、为孕妇、儿童或老人提供详细的指导、介绍详细的安全信息，由此推断标签保护公众远离伤害，故选A。
【4】文章结构题。这篇短文第一段总述食品药品监督管理局的职能，第二、三、四段分别介绍管理局对药品、补品及标签的具体管理，最后一段总述食品药品监督管理局的作用。故选B。
