Question

【题目】 Some people may sneeze after touching a cute dog. Others may find it hard to breathe after eating a certain food. Why does this happen? That’s because they have allergies (过敏).

When a person is allergic to something, his or her immune system (免疫系统) mistakenly believes that this thing is harming the body. Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing. Others may even make people stop breathing.

But why do people have allergies?

It can be because of their genes, which control what they look like, how they grow and how they develop.

You may be at risk for developing allergies yourself at some point in your life if one of your parents has eczema (湿疹) or food allergies, and they may develop in a certain order, Ogden told Gizmodo, a US technology and science website. A person may first have eczema in his or her childhood, and later see it develop into a food allergy.

But not all allergies are caused by genes. Some experts say that if we experience fewer infections (感染) when we are young, we are more likely to have allergies when we grow up.

According to Matthew Greenhawt from the University of Colorado, our immune system deals with infections and allergies. It tries to keep a balance between the two. But modern medicine protects us from developing various infections. This breaks the balance. Our immune system becomes more easily affected by allergies. It may think that normal things, such as certain foods, are dangerous and will try to protect us with an immune response.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

【1】People who have allergies may ________ according to the text.

A.be likely to have cancerB.find it hard to fall asleep

C.have uncomfortable eyesD.have a cold easily

【2】What does the underlined word “they” refer to?

A.Allergies.B.Parents.C.Genes.D.Points in life.

【3】Which can make us more likely to have allergies when we grow up?

A.Not taking exercise.B.Eating unhealthy food.

C.Not having allergies before.D.Experiencing fewer infections.

【4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Few people are allergic to animals.

B.Parents can’t pass allergies on to their children.

C.People may stop breathing when they have allergies.

D.Modern medicine has no influence on our immune system.

【5】What does the text mainly talk about?

A.How to treat allergies.B.Why people have allergies.

C.When people may have allergies easily.D.What people have done with allergies.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】

这篇短文给我们介绍了什么是过敏以及引起过敏的原因。

【1】细节理解题。由第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing”，可知，一些过敏导致眼睛不舒服，故选C。

【2】推理判断题。划线词所在句的意思是“如果你的父母中有一位患有湿疹或食物过敏，那么你极可能在你生命的某个时刻患过敏症，他们可能会按照一定的顺序发展……”，可知画线词 they指代的是allergies，“过敏症”。故选A。

【3】细节理解题。根据第六段“Some experts say that if we experience fewer infections when we are young, we are more likely to have allergies when we grow up”可知，如果我们小时候经历的感染较少，长大后更有可能过敏。故选D。

【4】推理判断题。根据第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing. Others may even make people stop breathing”可知，有的过敏能导致人呼吸停止，C选项符合文意，故选C。根据短文开头 “Some people may sneeze after touching a cute dog.”可知A不对；根据第五段 “You may be at risk for developing allergies yourself at some point in your life if one of your parents has eczema (湿疹) or food allergies”可知B不对；根据最后一段 “But modern medicine protects us from developing various infections. This breaks the balance. Our immune system becomes more easily affected by allergies.”可知D不对。

【5】主旨大意题。文章前两段讲了过敏的一些症状，第三段 “But why do people have allergies?”提出了人们为什么会过敏的疑问，接下来便介绍了过敏的几个原因，比如：基因、小时候较少经历感染、现代医药对免疫系统的影响。故本文主要探讨了人们患过敏症的原因，B项符合题意。故选B。

这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了过敏的症状以及原因。短文第一、二段主要讲述了过敏的症状；第三段提出问题“为什么人们会过敏”，下面从三方面给出了解释。短文主题明确，结构清晰，比较容易理解。题型是阅读理解，考查学生们通过阅读短文获取文章大意以及细节信息、猜测生词含义以及进行合理的推测和判断的能力，是英语测试中的经典题型。这个题目中设置了细节题、推理题和主旨题，考查比较全面。细节题较简单，答案常可以直接在原文找到，做题时可根据题目所问，或利用题干中的关键词在原文进行定位，锁定答案。如第1小题，题目涉及过敏的症状，答案在第一、二段中，由第二段“Some allergies may cause uncomfortable eyes or sneezing”这句话可知答案。推理题则有一定的难度，答案在原文并没有直接给出，需要学生们根据文章线索进行推测。判断题则需要学生们阅读文章多处信息，综合作答。如第4小题，学生们可以将每个选项的内容在原文中找到相应的线索，用排除法作答。