Question

【题目】 The earth is about 4,600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.

Water Pollution

A lot of people, birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

Air Pollution

In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example, Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.

Soil Pollution

In order to have a good harvest, most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. That’s bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop.

Hope For The Future

These problems are very serious for our future, so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution, our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people!

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

【1】_____ have made the earth change a lot.

A. Human beingsB. AnimalsC. PlantsD. People in other planets

【2】There are _____ kinds of pollution in this passage.

A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five

【3】_____ is a big problem now.

A. Pollution.B. Population.C. EducationD. Medical treatment

【4】Which sentence is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Most of the things that we have done are good for our planet.

B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes.

C. Because of water pollution, many rivers and lakes are now dead.

D. Water pollution is very serious nowadays.

【5】Which sentence is TRUE?

A. Though Mexico city is always covered by thick brown clouds, it’s still a beautiful sunny capital.

B. Air pollution can make people sick.

C. Now fewer farmers use chemicals in the fields.

D. Factories, cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of soil pollution.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】A

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

本文讲述了水污染，空气污染，土壤污染对地球的伤害和对未来的希望。

【1】考查细节理解。根据第1段第2句Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways.（现代人在地球上只生活了35000年，但在这期间，我们在许多方面改变了我们的星球。）可知人类已经使地球改变许多；故选A。

【2】考查细节理解。通读全文可知本文讲述了三种污染（第2段至第4段）：水污染，空气污染和土壤污染。故选B。

【3】考查主旨理解。本文主要讲述污染的危害，可知污染是现在是个大问题。A.污染B.人口C.教育D.医疗。故选A。

【4】考查推理判断。A. Most of the things that we have done are good for our planet. 我们所做的大多数事情对我们的星球都有好处。根据第1段最后一句Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.（我们所做的许多事是好的，但更多的是对地球不好的。）可知A错误；故选A。

【5】考查推理判断。B. Air pollution can make people sick. 空气污染会使人生病。根据第3段中In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main causes of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems.（在大城市，工厂以及汽车、卡车和公共汽车是造成空气污染的主要原因。现在许多城市的人都有严重的健康问题。）可知“空气污染会使人生病。”故B正确，选B。

初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。例如，第1和2题；（2）考查主旨理解。通读全文，概括主要内容，根据主要内容，选出正确答案。例如，第3小题；3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。例如，第4和5小题。