Question

【题目】 Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget — if you are shy, you are not the only one.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A. Happiness.B. Shyness.C. Kindness.D. loneliness.

【2】What does the underlined word “genetic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Passed down from parents.B. Learned from friends.

C. Taught by teachers.D. Made up by brothers.

【3】What can be learned from the passage?

A. Most little babies are born shy and quiet.

B. If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.

C. Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.

D. Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.

【4】We can learn from the passage that _______ may cause shyness.

A. genetics, grown-ups and birthplace

B. genetics, family size and birthplace

C. family size, grown-ups and failure

D. genetics, family size and freedom

【5】Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by______.

A. blaming their failure on outside reasons

B. trying new things and practicing conversation

C. getting themselves away from their shy parents

D. trying to understand reasons for their shyness

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【5】B

【解析】

本文介绍了为什么很多人具有害羞这种性格，以及具有害羞这种性格的坏处和改进方法。

【1】主旨大意题。文中第一段介绍了害羞现象很普遍，第二和三段介绍了导致害羞的原因，最后一段说明害羞的坏处，但是可以以尝试新事物并练习对话来改变。由此可知本文主要是关于害羞的。故选B。

【2】词句猜测题。A. Passed down from parents.（从父母那里传下来）；B. Learned from friends. （从朋友那里学习）；C. Taught by teachers.（由老师教）；D. Made up by brothers. （由兄弟组成）。根据上文“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.”（有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母。）可知此句“As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”句意是：“因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传的。”由此可知genetic意思是“遗传”；故选A。

【3】细节理解题。根据第1段第3句“They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.”（他们说15%到20%的婴儿表现得害羞。）可知“A. 大多数小婴儿出生时都很害羞和安静。”错误；根据最后一段第2句“But scientists say you can get over your shyness.”（但是科学家说你可以克服害羞。）可知“B. 如果你现在害羞，你将永远害羞。”错误；根据第4段倒数第二句“In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.”（在以色列，强烈支持言论自由和冒险。）可知“D. 大多数以色列人民不愿发表意见。”是错误的；根据第3段第3句“They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy.”（他们发现66%的这些人有哥哥姐姐。结果，他们变得害羞起来。）可知“C. 许多害羞的孩子都有哥哥姐姐。”正确；故选C。

【4】主旨大意题。第二至四段分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因：遗传、家庭规模和出生地。故选B。

【5】细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第2句“They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.”（他们建议尝试新事物并练习对话。）可知科学家建议害羞的人可以通过尝试新事物和练习对话来克服害羞。故选B。

阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。例如第2题，根据上面的描述有一些孩子生来就是害羞的，另外，“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”这些害羞的孩子通常都有害羞的父母。上文这几句都表示害羞是可以遗传的，故选A。