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Celebrating New Year’s Day is one of the oldest and most exciting traditions around the world. Since this festival marks the beginning of the year, New Year’s Day is thought of as a perfect time for a “clean start”. People in the world decide to act better in the year just beginning than the year just ended.

No day has ever been celebrated in so many different ways. All over the world, countries have their own special beliefs about what the New Year means to them.

In Scotland, the New Year is called Hogmanay. In the villages of Scotland, barrels of tar (沥青) are set on fire. It represents that the old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.

New Year’s Day is also the Festival of Saint Basil in Canada. Children leave their shoes by the fireside on New Year’s Day with the hope that Saint Basil, who is famous for his kindness, will come and fill their shoes with gifts.

The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah. It is an important time when Jews promise to do better in the future. Special services are held in the church, children are given new clothes and New Year bread is cooked to remind people of harvest time.

On New Year’s Day in Japan, everyone gets dressed in their new clothes and homes are decorated (装饰) with bamboos—symbols of long life.

In European countries such as Germany, France and Belgium, families start the New Year by first attending church services. Afterwards, they visit friends and relatives. In France, boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year’s Day.

New Year celebrations around the 1.

Country/people

Celebration activities

Special beliefs

Scotland

People 2. barrels of tar.

The old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.

Canada

Children leave their 3. by the fireside.

Their shoes will be 4. with gifts by Saint Basil.

Jews

It is a time for people to 5. to do better in the future.

People 6. New Year Bread to remind of harvest time.

Japan

People 7. their new clothes.

Homes are decorated with bamboos.

Symbols of 8. life

European 9._

People attend church services ___10. visiting friends and relatives.

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Planes have changed the world in the last hundred years. But this great change began with two ordinary people.

Orville and Wilbur Wright were two brothers. 1. .They were good at making bicycles, but planes were their real interest.

At that time, people knew how to build and fly gliders. But nobody could build a plane with an engine and fly it. The plane builders had two main problems: 2. . And the planes always crashed when they tried to take off.

The Wright brothers read about these problems in newspaper, and they decided to look for answers. They made small model planes in the bicycle shop and they built a wind tunnel(风道) to test the models. They also built real gliders. 3. .

On December17th, 1903, Orville and Wilbur pulled The Flyer onto a flat sandy beach. The plane weighted 275 kilograms. It had a petrol engine and two wooden propellers(螺旋桨). Two bicycle chains connected the propellers to the engine. 4. .The brothers threw a coin into the air to see who should fly first. Orville won. He climbed onto the plane and started the engine.

5. .Wilbur ran along beside the plane. And then the plane took off! It flew for only 12 seconds, but someone took a photograph, and the plane flew into the history books.

A. There was a wind about 30 kilometers per hour on that cold day

B. Finally, they built a plane with an engine called The Flyer

C. They could not make the wings strong enough

D. They had a bicycle shop in Ohio, USA

E. The Flyer began to move into the wind

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