[题目] Programming PainRobots are useful and taking place of humans in some areas because they never get tired and can't feel pain. However, some researchers believe it's a good idea to program robots t 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】 Programming Pain

Robots are useful and taking place of humans in some areas because they never get tired and can't feel pain. However, some researchers believe it's a good idea to program robots to feel pain.

Researchers from Leibniz University of Hannover in Germany are working to develop an artificial（人造的）robot nervous system to teach robots how to feel pain. "Pain is a system that protects us," said Johannes Kuehn, one of the researchers. "When we try to avoid the pain, it helps us not get hurt.”

Think about how many injuries you would receive if you couldn't feel pain. Even though pain hurts, it helps us avoid danger and treat our wounds. The same will be true for robots. As a great number of people work closely with robots, the robots must behave in a safer manner. Kuehn believes that by protecting robots from damage（伤害），they'll be protecting people as well. Damage,to robots if left unseen could lead to workplace accidents.

Rather than feel pain, some robots are designed to show pain or see it in others. Asada, an engineer at Osaka University in Japan, and his workmates have made sensors （传感器）that pick up many types of touch signals（信号）.These touch and pain signals can turn into emotions and expressions on a robot’s face. Asada believes that these systems could finally lead to robots seeing the pain on human faces, an important skill for robots designed to care for elderly people, for example.

Antonio Damasio, a professor at the University of Southern California, argues that programming robots with a sense of pain may cause an artificial sense of feeling to develop. But he says that this communication is not the same thing as a robot truly feeling and expressing emotions or pain. If one day, robots could actually feel as humans do, Damasio has a suggestion for the number one rule for robots: Feel good.

【1】What does the word in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.The feeling of pain.B.The injury we receive.

C.An artificial system.D.A new kind of robot.

【2】Which is the right process to show and see the pain?

① Turn signals into expressions.

② Notice pain on human faces.

③ Make some sensors.

④ Pick up touch signals.

A.③④①②B.③①②④C.②③①④D.②④①③

【3】What can express Antonio Damasio's attitude（态度）about the program?

A.HopelessB.OppositeC.ExpectedD.Worried

【4】The aim of programming robots to feel pain is ________

A.to take place of humansB.to avoid human accidents

C.to control robots completelyD.to serve humans better

【答案】

【1】A

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

文章大意：文章主要讲述了研究人员正在开发人工的机器人神经系统，以教会机器人如何感受疼痛。

【1】

细节理解题。根据“Think about how many injuries you would receive if you couldn't feel pain. Even though pain hurts, it helps us avoid danger and treat our wounds. The same will be true for robots. As a great number of people work closely with robots, the robots must behave in a safer manner. Kuehn believes that by protecting robots from damage（伤害），they'll be protecting people as well. Damage, to robots if left unseen could lead to workplace accidents.” 想想如果你感觉不到疼痛，你会受到多少伤害。即使疼痛很痛，它也能帮助我们避免危险和治疗我们的伤口。机器人也是如此。由于许多人与机器人密切合作，机器人必须以更安全的方式行动。Kuehn相信通过保护机器人免受伤害，他们也将保护人类。损坏。对机器人来说，如果不看就可能导致工作场所的事故。可知，第3段的内容，指的是痛苦的感觉，故答案为A。

【2】

细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，the right process to show and see the pain，Make some sensors. Pick up touch signals.Turn signals into expressions. Notice pain on human faces. 正确的方法来显示和看到疼痛，制造一些传感器。拾起触摸信号灯。转向信号转换成表达式。注意人类脸上的疼痛。可知，故答案为A。

【3】

细节理解题。根据文中“Antonio Damasio, a professor at the University of Southern California, argues that programming robots with a sense of pain may cause an artificial sense of feeling to develop. But he says that this communication is not the same thing as a robot truly feeling and expressing emotions or pain. If one day, robots could actually feel as humans do, Damasio has a suggestion for the number one rule for robots: Feel good.” 南加州大学教授安东尼奥·达马西奥（Antonio Damasio）认为，给机器人编程时带有疼痛感可能会导致人工感觉的发展。但他说，这种交流与机器人真正感受和表达情感或痛苦是两码事。如果有一天，机器人真的能像人类一样有感觉的话，达马西奥提出了机器人的第一条规则：感觉良好。安东尼奥·达马西奥对这个项目的态度是期望的，故答案为C。

【4】

主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，主要讲述了研究人员正在开发人工的机器人神经系统，以教会机器人如何感受疼痛。编程机器人感受疼痛的目的是更好地为人类服务，故答案为D。

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【题目】 Once upon a time, there lived a wise man. Everyone respected him. His son, however, was very lazy and did nothing all day.

The wise man was worried about his son’s future. One day, he said to his son, “I want you to go and find some treasure. I have drawn a map to guide you.” Then he handed his son a bag. Inside the bag were clothes, some food, a little money and the map.

The son set out on his long journey the next day. He had to travel across forests, rivers and mountains. Along the way, he met a lot of people. He was helped by some with food and by some with shelter. He also came across robbers who tried to rob him. He saw changing landscapes (风景) and experienced different kinds of weather.

Finally, after a long year, he reached the treasure’s location. He spent two days looking and digging for the treasure, but found nothing.

Disappointed, he headed back to his home. On his way back, he experienced the same changing landscapes and seasons. Sometimes, he would stop to enjoy the beauty of nature. He also learned to hunt and make meals. He had to fix his own clothes and shelter himself. He was now able to tell time by the position of the sun and protect himself from wild animals. He met the same people who had helped him earlier. This time, he stayed and helped them in order to repay them.

When he reached home, he apologized to his father for not finding the treasure.

“There wasn’t any treasure in the very first place, my son,” the father answered with a smile. “But I think you have found your life’s true purpose.”

【1】What did the wise man ask his son to do?

A.Draw a map that would guide him to treasure.B.Travel to a faraway place to look for treasure.

C.Make a living by selling clothes and food.D.See the world’s forests and mountains.

【2】It can be inferred(推断) that the son _________ during his journey.

A.suffered from hunger, cold and other dangers

B.chose a guide that would easily take him to the treasure

C.had to rob others for food and clothes

D.did not enjoy the natural scenery that he saw

【3】What was different about the son’s journey back home?

A.The landscapes were changing.B.He found treasure and became rich.

C.He mastered many life skills.D.He learned how to be a wise man.

【4】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.The son took clothes, some food, a little money and the map with him.

B.It took the son a long year to reach the treasure’s location.

C.The son experienced changing landscapes and four seasons twice before he reached home.

D.The son didn’t find the treasure because he lost his way.

【5】What was the father’s purpose of setting this task for his son?

A.To make his son do some interesting activities.B.To see whether his son could deal with difficulties.

C.To test his son’s ability to live in the wild.D.To help his son find his life’s true purpose.

【题目】 The World Declaration on Education for All (1990)(《全民教育世界宣言》) was mainly about how necessary it is to provide education for all children, youth and adults. It meets their needs and useful skills to their lives. They believe that good quality education, provided by trained teachers, is the right of all children, youth and adults. The basic skills, knowledge, values and attitudes should be included. What's more, creative thinking, problem solving and lifelong learning abilities are also important.

Teachers are important for improving learning. People all know this. They have a powerful influence on the quality of student learning. However, many countries, especially the developing countries, are short of qualified(合格的) teachers—in 1/3 of countries with data, less than 3/4 of teachers are trained to national standards. By 2030, 28 countries will not have enough primary school teachers and over 3.4 million new primary teachers will be needed. Also, teachers are paid poorly. Teacher payment is below US$10 per day in 8 countries.

Quality learning is important and necessary for meeting people's basic needs. It's also necessary for development of the countries. All young people need to learn in active ways. However, 124 million of the children across the world are out of school and 250 million are not learning basic skills as a result of poor quality education. According to a research, 38% of children are not learning the basics in reading and math. And over one-half of them have spent 4 years in school.

Luckily, many countries have realized the importance of quality education and pay great attention to it. There are even some organizations trying to help girls, children with disabilities and children living in poor areas to get an education.

【1】What did The World Declaration on Education for All (1990) tell us?

A.It's necessary to provide education.B.It's useful to learn some skills.

C.It's important to be creative.D.It's necessary to have qualified teachers.

【2】What's the problem in developing countries?

A.They pay no attention to quality education.B.They are short of well-trained teachers.

C.Young people have learnt too many basic skills.D.The teachers get well paid.

【3】What does the underlined word "this" mean in Paragraph 2?

A.The importance of learning.B.The importance of education.

C.The importance of teachers.D.The importance of basic skills.

【4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Many countries are now trying to develop quality education.

B.It's impossible for children in poor areas to get an education.

C.How students learn is the key to the quality of education.

D.Some organizations are trying to help adults to get an education.

【题目】想要保持健康我们不仅要有合理的饮食还要有足够的锻炼。

________________________________________________

【题目】—Is that man George?

—It can’t be him. After all he ________ this place for years!

A.has leftB.has been away fromC.was away fromD.left

【题目】 Usually, the Full Moon shines brightly all night long, lighting homes, trees, cities, and fields. Sometimes, though, a strange event happens. The Full Moon turns dark in a lunar eclipse. Lunar means “about the Moon”, and an eclipse is a blocking(遮蔽) of light.

A lunar eclipse often impresses people so much because the Moon is bright and nearby. It is the closest heavenly body(天体) to Earth. When the Moon turns dark, we notice! It’s closer to us than Mars or any other planet, and closer than the Sun or any other star. On average, the Moon is 239,000 miles away from Earth’s center. The Sun is almost 400 times farther.

What causes a lunar eclipse? The first key is that the Sun makes light, but the Moon doesn’t. When you see the Moon shining at night, you’re seeing sunlight bouncing off(反射) the Moon.

The second key is that the Moon, which is smaller than Earth, goes around us about once a month. Once a month, the moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the Sun. Then the Sun fully lights the side of the Moon that we see. We call this event a Full Moon. That’s when the Moon shines brightest.

The third key is that, during a lunar eclipse, Earth gets in the way. When you go outside on a sunny day, your body blocks some of the sunlight and casts a shadow(投射影子) over things that lie on the opposite side of you from the Sun. Earth also casts a shadow, and sometimes it falls on the Moon. Then we have a lunar eclipse.

A lunar eclipse happens only during a Full Moon, since that’s the only time when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. Usually, though, there’s no eclipse because the Full Moon passes above or below Earth’s shadow.

阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的短文，每空一词。

The article introduces “lunar eclipse” to us. First it tells us the 【1】 of “lunar eclipse”. Then it explains why people love watching a moon eclipse. On one hand, the changing of its 【2】 catches people’s attention. On the other hand, it’s easier for people to enjoy a moon eclipse because among the 【3】, the moon is the closest to the earth.

At last, the article shows three keys cause a lunar eclipse. The first key is that the sunlight is seen bouncing off the Moon at night. The second key is that there should be a full Moon. The third key is that the 【4】 casts a shadow over the moon. In a word, a lunar eclipse happens only during a Full Moon, since that’s the only time when the Sun, the earth and the Moon are in a 【5】.

【题目】为了防止新冠病毒的传播，中国学生要求在家上网课，然而，在线学习也有利有弊，请根据下面提示写一篇不少于80字的英语短文，阐述线上学习的利与弊，并谈论自己的观点。开头已给出。

利：1.可以自主安排时间。

2.方便，只需要手机或电脑，随时随地可以学习。

弊：1.长时间盯着屏幕，影响健康。

2.没有同伴，感到孤独，也不能互动，一些困惑（confusion）不能立即(instantly)解决。

你的观点：

In order to stop coronavirus from spreading, students in China are expected to study at home and take online study.

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【题目】 Li Hong is a 16-year-old girl. She is good at English.However, four years ago she was very shy and her English was poor,especially her 【1】(speak) English. she was afraid【2】 answer the 【3】( teacher) questions in the English classes.

After she went to middle school,things 【4】 (be)different.Her English teacher Mr.Gao 【5】(teach)very well and she liked 【6】 (he) very much.She began to show interest in English.She listened【7】 (careful) in class and took part【8】 the classroom activities. In her free time, she【9】 (read). Many English stories and watched lots of English movies.

Now she is working hard 【10】hopes to study abroad one day.

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