题目内容
脱式计算(能简算的用简便方法计算,写出计算过程.)
(1)7.5×2.3-1.9×2.5
(2)(78.6-0.786×25+75%×21.4)×2011÷75
(3)1
+2
+3
+4
+5
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9.
(1)7.5×2.3-1.9×2.5
(2)(78.6-0.786×25+75%×21.4)×2011÷75
(3)1
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9.
分析:(1)观察算式的特点发现:不能直接应用运算定律进行简便计算,只能按照运算顺序先算乘法,再算加法;
(2)可将括号中的算变为78.6-78.6×0.25+75%×21.4后根据连续运用乘法分配律计算;
(3))1
+2
+3
+4
+5
,把整数部分和整数部分相加,分数部分和分数部分相加,得:(1+2+3+4+5)+(
+
+
+
+
),然后把分数进行转化为两个数相减的形式,即
+
+
+
+
=(1-
)+(
-
)+(
-
)+(
-
),然后去掉括号,进行解答即可;
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9,运用加法交换律和结合律,转化为(9.1+10.9)+(9.2+10.8)+(9.3+10.7)+…+10.0,进而运用乘法分配律简算即可.
(2)可将括号中的算变为78.6-78.6×0.25+75%×21.4后根据连续运用乘法分配律计算;
(3))1
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9,运用加法交换律和结合律,转化为(9.1+10.9)+(9.2+10.8)+(9.3+10.7)+…+10.0,进而运用乘法分配律简算即可.
解答:解:(1)7.5×2.3+1.9×2.5
=17.25+4.75
=22;
(2)(78.6-0.786×25十75%×21.4)×2011÷75,
=(78.6-78.6×0.25+75%×21.4)×2011÷75,
=[(1-0.25)×78.6+0.75×21.4]×2011÷75,
=[0.75×78.6+0.75×21.4]×2011÷75,
=(78.6+21.4)×0.75×2011÷75,
=100×0.75×2011÷75,
=75×2011÷75,
=75÷75×2011,
=2011;
(3)1
+2
+3
+4
+5
,
=(1+2+3+4+5)+(
+
+
+
+
),
=15+[(1-
)+(
-
)+(
-
)+(
-
)],
=15+[1-
+
-
+
-
+
-
],
=15+
,
=15.8;
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9,
=(9.1+10.9)×9+10.0,
=180+10.0,
=190.
=17.25+4.75
=22;
(2)(78.6-0.786×25十75%×21.4)×2011÷75,
=(78.6-78.6×0.25+75%×21.4)×2011÷75,
=[(1-0.25)×78.6+0.75×21.4]×2011÷75,
=[0.75×78.6+0.75×21.4]×2011÷75,
=(78.6+21.4)×0.75×2011÷75,
=100×0.75×2011÷75,
=75×2011÷75,
=75÷75×2011,
=2011;
(3)1
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
=(1+2+3+4+5)+(
1 |
2 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
12 |
1 |
20 |
1 |
30 |
=15+[(1-
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
=15+[1-
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
=15+
4 |
5 |
=15.8;
(4)9.1+9.2+9.3+…10.7+10.8+10.9,
=(9.1+10.9)×9+10.0,
=180+10.0,
=190.
点评:此题考查的目的是牢固掌握小数四则混合运算的顺序及小数四则运算的计算法则,并且能够灵活运用运算定律进行简便计算.
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