题目内容

(2012?龙海市)计算下面各题,能简算的要简算
①31.9×18-8×31.9
②21÷(
1
3
+
2
5
)÷
9
11

③(
2
3
+
2
15
)×45
④(1-
1
100
×70)÷
2
7

⑤12×(
1
4
+
1
6
-
1
3

⑥(
3
8
-0.125)÷0.5.
分析:①③⑤运用乘法分配律简算;
②先算括号内的,把除法改为乘法,约分计算;
④先算括号内的乘法,再算括号内的减法,最后算括号外的除法;
⑥把分数化为小数,先算括号内的,再算括号外的.
解答:解:①31.9×18-8×31.9,
=31.9×(18-8),
=31.9×10,
=319;

②21÷(
1
3
+
2
5
)÷
9
11

=21÷
11
15
÷
9
11

=21×
15
11
×
11
9

=35;

③(
2
3
+
2
15
)×45,
=
2
3
×45+
2
15
×45,
=30+6,
=36;

④(1-
1
100
×70)÷
2
7

=(1-
7
10
)÷
2
7

=
3
10
×
7
2

=
21
20


⑤12×(
1
4
+
1
6
-
1
3
),
=12×
1
4
+12×
1
6
-12×
1
3

=3+2-4,
=1;

⑥(
3
8
-0.125)÷0.5,
=(0.375-0.125)÷0.5,
=0.25÷0.5,
=0.5.
点评:此题是考查四则混合运算的运算顺序,仔细观察算式的特点,灵活运用一些定律进行简便计算.
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