22、

       On a November morning in New York, Alan Pakula climbed into his Volvo and began the l00-mile drive from Manhattan to his Long Island house. The well-known movie director (Sophie's Choice, All the President’s Men) had made the mp countless tunes without incident.

       As the 70-year-old Pakula neared Exit 49 on the Long Island Expressway just before noon, a vehicle ahead of him drove over a seven-foot steel bar on the road, kicking it into the air. Within seconds, the bar shot through Pakula's car, smashing into his-forehead and killing him almost instantly. Authorities never determined where the bar came from.

       News reports called it a "freak" accident, which puts it in the same kind as other tragedies to make headlines in recent years, a 22-year-old New Jersey woman was left with broken bones after mining sharply to avoid a deer; a 24-year-old Washington woman needed major reconstructive surgery after a wall unit fell off a truck and smashed into her face; a young couple were killed by a falling tree that crushed their SUV on a suburban New York parkway.

       Though the details of each are unique, these accidents share a common, unsettling theme: the way bidden dangers on, in, and around our roads claim innocent lives.

       It is estimated that there are at least 1.6 million car accidents a year involving trees, animals and vehicle debris (碎片). A Reader's Digest analysis of government data found that in 2007, such crashes caused over 800 deaths. Even scarier: These accidents are increasing. From 2002 to 2007, deaths tied to vehicle debris jumped 43 percent, from 298 a year to 427.Animal-car deaths rose 38 percent, from 152 to 210.

       That's just part of the story. With unexpected crashes just a part of the 6.3 million accidents, 2.9 million injuries and 42, 600 road deaths, they get limited notice compared to drunk driving. That means the root causes go ignored on the documents of the government.

1.Alan Pakula was killed due to _________.

      A.his old age                                     B.a metal debris           

       C.his broken Volvo                             D.careless driving

2.A "freak" accident usually refers to _________.

      A.the headline of a tragedy                B.the action to avoid wild animals

      C.a reconstructive surgery                 D.an unusual and unexpected event

3.We can infer from the text that drunk driving ________.

      A.leads to at least 1.6 million car accidents a year

      B.is the leading concern over road accidents

      C.gets limited notice by the state government

      D.is a worldwide problem never to be solved

4.The purpose of the author is __________.

       A.to explain the Cause to Alan Pakula's death

      B.to identify what the freak road accidents are

      C.to inform the public of some dangerous roads

      D.to call the government's attention to freak accidents

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21、Monarch Butterfly (金斑蝶) Profile

       Monarch butterflies are known for the unbelievable mass movement that brings millions of them to California and Mexico each winter. North American monarchs are the only butterflies that make such a massive journey-up to 3,000 miles (4,828 kilometers). The butterflies must begin this journey each fall ahead of cold weather, which will kill them if they delay too long.

       Monarch butterflies begin life as eggs and hatch as little worms that eat their eggshells and finally, eat the milky plants on which they were placed. When fat worms become juicy, colorful and hairy, they create a hard protective case around themselves as they enter the cocoon stage. They come out as beautifully colored, black-orange-and-white adults. The colorful pattern makes monarchs easy to identify, and the unique pattern warns their enemies that the insects are terribly tasting and poisonous.

       Butterflies that come out from cocoon in late summer and early fall are different from those that do so during the longer days and warmer weather of summer. These monarchs are born to fly, and know that they must prepare for their long journey because of the changing Weather. However, only monarchs born in late summer or early fall make the move, and they make only one found trip. By the time next year's winter moving begins, several summer generations wilt have stayed and died. It will be last year's settlers' great grand children that make the trip. Yet somehow these new generations know the way, and follow the same routes their ancestors took-sometimes even returning to the same tree.

       Many scientists are concerned about the eastern population of monarchs, which spend the summer east of the Rocky Mountains. This group is occurring in ever smaller numbers, and its survival now is threatened by a series of natural disasters in the Mexican winter grounds and by reduced milkweed plants in their summer home.

1.What will happen to the monarch butterflies if they don't leave in fall?

      A.They can't survive the very low temperature, in winter

      B.They can't keep their pattern colour in changeable weather

      C.They will be blown down by the strong wind in winter

      D.They will be separated from each other by the cold weather

2.Form the passage we can learn that Monarchs ____________.

      A.feed on their own eggs instead of milky plants

      B.experience three life stages before they can fly

      C.are difficult to be picked out from other insects

      D.are very delicious, though they are poisonous

3.Which of the following about Monarchs is TRUE?

      A.Monarchs seem to know their ancestor's hometown

      B.Only last year's settlers' grandchildren make the trip

      C.All the summer generations will have stayed and died

      D.Only monarchs born in early autumn make the move

4.The writer seems             about the present survival situation of Monarchs.

      A.confident            B.worried        C.disappointed       D.hopeful

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