5、Life is difficult. It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.

Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that their difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.

What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause in us soreness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.

Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve, it is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt instruct. ” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

1.From the passage, it can be inferred that_______.

A.nobody has problems                                                          

       B.we become stronger by facing and solving the problems of life

   C.life is difficult because our problems bring us pain

D.people like to complain about their problems

2.The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to  _______.

A.save space                                   B.persuade readers

       C.make readers laugh                          D.get readers’ attention

3.According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to ______.

       A.encourage them to learn

       B.teach them to fear the pain of solving problems

       C.help them learn to deal with pain

      D.teach them how to respect for problems

4.The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt instruct” suggests that _______.

   A.we do not learn from experience 

B.we do not learn when we are in pain

C.pain teaches us important lessons

D.pain cannot be avoided

5.The underlined word in Paragraph 3 means _________.

        A.happiness          B.pleasure               C.sadness               D.excitement

4、Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh.The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21.Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.

The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country.The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season. One of the ferries,MV Mitali,was carrying far more people than it was supposed to.About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300,police said.The second ferry carried about 100 passengers.

“The number of deaths is certain to rise.”said an official in charge of the rescue work.“No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them survived.” Ferries in Bangladesh don’t always keep passenger lists,making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board. Besides the ferry accidents,at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes.falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats. Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh,as are boating accidents.Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people. Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions. Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh.It is a country covered by about 230 rivers.Some 20,000 ferries use the nation’s Waterways every year.And many of them are dangerously overcrowded.Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.

1.________ people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters.

    A.Over 130          B.At least 40         C.About 400         D.Over 3,000

2.The two ferry disasters occurred_______.

    A.at noon              B.in the morning     C.at night.           D.In the afternoon.

3.________ passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry?

    A.500                  B.100                  C.400                  D.300

4.Officials attribute boating accident to ________

    A.strong winds.                          B.bad weather conditions.

    C.the blockages of waterways.             D.the lack of safety measures.

5.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?

  A.They were overcrowded.

  B.They sank on April 21.

  C.The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.

  D.They sank somewhere near Dhaka.

3、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. __1__. There are over eighty of them scattered(分散,撒布) along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “step” pyramid and “ Bent ”pyramid.

Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__2__. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever. __3__. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. __4__. Nevertheless(然而), by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build. __5__. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.

       A.The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve(保护) the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.

       B.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the

pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.

       C.The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.

       D.Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.

       E.Many people were killed while building the pyramids.

       F.They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will

continue to stand for thousands of years yet.

       G.It takes workers twenty years to build the Pyramids.

38、Alfred Korzybski believes that all human beings lead a kind of double life. First, people live in an internal (内在的) world of ideas, feelings, etc. The happenings in this world are patterns of events in the human nervous system . Secondly , people live in a world outside their skins, the external(外在的)world of “reality”. The happenings in this world are patterns of events best known to science.

The first world, the patterns of events inside our skins, Korzybski called the INTEN- SIONAL areA.The second, the patterns of events outside our skins, he called the EXTEN- SIONAL area . Think for a moment about the two worlds in which you live. Look , for example, at the following diagram:

INTENSIONAL PATTERNS           EXTENSIONAL PATTERNS

“cat”                             An object we call “cat”.

The word "cat ".                        A pattern of physical and

The image of this cat.                    chemical events best

Ideas about cats.                        known to science.

Feelings about cats.

Physical tensions aroused

by the cat: the urge to

pick it up, to kick it, etc.

Thinking along these lines , Alfred Korzybski began to see what was wrong with the great number of people: they confused intensional events with extensional “reality”. He believed that too many people mistake the events in their own nervous systems for events in the outside world . When they get lost in a strange city , more often than not they are angry at the map they use. In fact, it’s the maps of words in their heads that are to blame.

1.According to Alfred Korzybski, we human beings live in__________.

    A.the world of ideas

    B.the world of reality

    C.either the world of ideas or that of reality

    D.both the world of ideas and that of reality

2.The INTENSIONAL area in the passage refers to the patterns of events__________.

       A.outside our skins                                  B.best known to science

       C.in the human nervous system          D.in the external world of reality

3.Which of the following belongs to EXTENSIONAL pattern?

       A.A computer on the shelf.               B.A computer is useful.

C.I like the computer.                    D.I want to buy the computer.

4.According to what Alfred Korzybski states in the last paragraph, you get lost because of _  .   

    A.the map you bring with you             B.the maps of words in your head

       C.the reality world before you                  D.the strange city you visit

 

 

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