11、      is a good chance that I'I1 finish the work tomorrow.

A. It                 B. There                     C. This                    D. That

9、 Once out of the earth’s gravity, the astronaut is        by the problem of weightlessness.

A. affected                    B. effected                   C. related                 D. offered

二、选择题

（每空？ 分，共？ 分）

6、Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels （分贝） measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

71. According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A. The man-made noises.                        B. The noises made by themselves.

C. The sound of earthquakes.                  D. The sound of the ice-breaking.

72. Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A. Different places with different types of noises.  B. The very human ears sensitive to all types of noises.

C. The ocean animals' reaction to noises.              D. The same noise measured differently on land and in the ocean.

73. As to the influence of noises on whales, which of the following statements is true?

A. They are deaf to noises.                             B. Noises at a certain level may hurt them.

C. They are easily confused by noises.             D. Noises will limit their ability to reproduce.

74. We can know from the passage that many researchers think that the noise limit of one hundred twenty decibels would _____.

A. prevent them from doing their research work   B. benefit them a lot in their research work

C. do good to their health                                   D. increase the industrial output

75. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A. They will try their best to decrease noise.         B. They will work hard to cut down noise pollution.

C. They will study the effect of different noises.   D. They will protect animals from harmful noises.

5、Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but in fact it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of savage（野人）. It was a town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill smelling color, and large piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the steam-engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of madness. The town contained several large streets all very like one another, and many small streets still more like one another, inhabited by people equally like one another.

A sunny midsummer day. There was such a thing sometimes even in Coketown. Seen from a distance in such weather, Coketown lay covered in a smoke of its own. You only knew the town was there, because you knew there could have been no such a place upon the view without a town.

The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day, and the sun was so bright that it even shone through the smoke over Coketown, and could not be looked at steadily. Workers appeared from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face sand looking at coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a smell of hot oil everywhere. The atmosphere of those places was like the breath of hell（地狱）, and their inhabitants wasting with heat, walked lazily in the desert. But no temperature made the mad elephants more mad or more sane（理智的）. Their tiresome heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather and dry. The measured movement of their shadows of wood; while for the summer noise of insects, it could offer all the year round, from the dawn of Monday to the night of Saturday.

67. Which of the following words is NOT properly used to describe Coketown ?

A. unpleasant                    B. dirty                     C. noisy                      D. deserted

68. From the passage we know that Coketown was mainly a（n）_____town.

A. industrial                      B. agricultural           C. historical                 D. cultural

69. Only _____ were not affected by weather.

A. the workmen                B. the habitants         C. the steam-engines    D. the woods

70. Which is the author’s opinion of Coketown?

A. Coketown should be replaced by woods       B. The town had too much oil in it

C. The town was seriously polluted                  D. The town’s atmosphere was unchanged

4、Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.

Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.

Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.

Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.

This does not only mean that the villagers sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up―allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.

63. The purpose that the writer wrote this article for is ____ .

A. to tell people that trees are very useful to man

B. to warn people not to cut down trees any more

C. to warn that man mustn't destroy forests any more

D. to explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods

64. In the writer's opinion, ____ , or the forests slowly disappear.

A. measure must be taken                                    B. people shouldn't draw benefit from the tree

C. government must realize the serious results       D. unless trees never be cut down

65. According to the article we know it is ____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.

A. necessary but impossible                     B. necessary but difficult

C. impossible and unimportant                  D. difficult and impossible

66. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that ____ .

A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor

B. where there are many trees, there are fewer floods

C. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowly

D. floods will make the land become desert

3、Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile （爬行动物） species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger or dying out.

European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.

“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,” he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.

“We forget that they are the guarantee （保证） of life systems, on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”

59. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that ____ .

A. wildlife needs more protection only in Britain

B. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out

C. there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere

D. many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting

60. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?

A. Because he needed to present it with a council's diploma.

B. Because he was concerned about its management.

C. Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.

D. Because it was the only park that had ever received a diploma from the council.

61. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that ____ .

A. people should make every effort to create more environment areas

B. people would go on protecting national parks

C. certain areas of the countryside should be left intact （完整的）

D. people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks

62.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.

B. We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.

C. People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.

D. We should destroy all the built-up areas.

2、Washington ― The largest ozone （臭氧）hole ever observed has opened up over Antarctica, according to the scientists of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA）. They believe it is a sign that ozone ― destroying gases produced years ago are just now causing the largest quantities of ozone to disappear.

This year’s South Pole ozone hole spreads over about 28.5 million square kilometers, an area three times larger than the landmass of the United States.

Pictures of the hole have been offered by NASA. The hole appears as a giant blue mass, totally covering Antarctica and stretching to the southern tip of South America.

“The last time the ozone hole was close to this size was in 1998, when it spread over about 27.2 million square kilometers,” NASA said.

Paul Newman, who works with NASA’s Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer （TOMS） instrument on a NASA satellite, said ozone watchers had expected a big hole this year, but not this big.

The Antarctica ozone hole, first observed in 1985, is caused by the depletion （损耗） of Earth protecting ozone by human-made chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons, known as CFCs.

“Even though these chemicals were not allowed to use from the beginning of 1987, they remain in the atmosphere and will continue to do so for years,” Newman said.

“This year’s large hole may have been caused by a change in a swirling high-level air current over Antarctica, which circles the area and contains the zone hole,” Newman said.

56. The text is mainly about ____ .

A. the discovery of the largest ozone hole           B. the discovery of the Antarctica ozone hole

C. the history of the Antarctica ozone hole          D. the size of the largest ozone hole

57. The time 1985 was talked about in the text because it was when the Antarctica ozone hole ____ .

A. was watched by Newman   B. was first closed   C. disappeared   　 D. was first watched

58. There is a giant ozone hole over Antarctica because ____ over there.

A. human-made chemicals have protected ozone     B. ozone has protected the earth

C. human-made chemicals have destroyed ozone     D. human-made chemicals have increased ozone