8、There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things. The pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

Though in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

About Two Types of People

Types of People

Differences

76.________

The happy

fixing their attention on 77. ________ of things.

 

equal degree of 78. ________ and other comforts of life

The unhappy

think and speak only of 79. ________.

 

 

80. ________ about the unhappy

Situation

82. ________

84. ________

souring the pleasure of society

? growing into a habit.

? having bad effects on their interests and tastes.

? nobody loves them.

? no one treats them with 83.________.

? change this bad habit.

? be pleased with what is pleasing.

? 85.________ about themselves and others.

offending many people

81. _______________

 

 

7、  An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn't important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn't be that important. My friend is now even more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work.

Almost every week now , there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it's only because we haven't developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.

The following may be helpful. Firstly. You junk anything with an exclamation mark on a string of capital letters, or from any address you don't recognize or feel confident about.

Secondly, e-mails don't all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there's a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.

Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The chart of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.

 

73.Why does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1?(within 10 words)

________________________________________________________________

74.What is the third suggestion?(within 9 words)

________________________________________________________________

75.What are the last three paragraphs about?.(within 8 words )

________________________________________________________________

6、   Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.

   Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects.

   Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans.

   The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的) levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.

   It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl(切尔诺贝利), in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.

 

68.According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be __________.

   A. electronics    B. biotechnology    C. genetic engineering   D. nuclear technology

69. Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are __________.

   A. as good as wool                            B. as good as an insect’s body 

   C. not as good as natural materials       D. better than natural materials.

70. According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________.

   A. to make something as good as human skin   B. to produce drugs without side effects

   C. to transplant human organs                        D. to make artificial hearts and eyes

71. In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that ___________.

   A. biological power sources would be put into use soon

   B. oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future

   C. dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon

   D. the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years

72. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

   A. Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.

   B. Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.

   C. Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.

   D. Biological power will keep all its promises.

5、   Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.

   Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects.

   Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans.

   The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的) levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.

   It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl(切尔诺贝利), in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.

 

68.According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be __________.

   A. electronics    B. biotechnology    C. genetic engineering   D. nuclear technology

69. Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are __________.

   A. as good as wool                            B. as good as an insect’s body 

   C. not as good as natural materials       D. better than natural materials.

70. According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________.

   A. to make something as good as human skin   B. to produce drugs without side effects

   C. to transplant human organs                        D. to make artificial hearts and eyes

71. In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that ___________.

   A. biological power sources would be put into use soon

   B. oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future

   C. dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon

   D. the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years

72. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

   A. Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.

   B. Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.

   C. Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.

   D. Biological power will keep all its promises.

4、There’s a dark little joke: Rip Van Winkle awakens in the 21st century after a hundred-year sleep. Men and women dash about, talking to small metal devices. Young people sit on sofas, moving miniature athletes around on electronic screens. Airports, hospitals, shopping malls― every place Rip goes just puzzles him. But when he finally walks into a schoolroom, the old man knows exactly where he is. "This is a school," he declares. "We used to have these black in 1906. Only now the blackboards are green."

American schools aren’t exactly frozen in time, but considering the pace of change in other areas of life, our public schools tend to feel like throwbacks. Kids spend much of the day as their great-grandparents once did: sitting in rows, listening to teachers lecture, scribbling notes by hand, reading textbooks that are out of date. A yawning chasm separates the world inside the schoolhouse from the world outside.

The national conversation on education has long focused on reading scores, math tests and closing the "achievement gap". This is not a story about that conversation. This is a story about the big public conversation the nation is not having about education, the one that will ultimately determine whether an entire generation of kids will fail to make the grade in the global economy because they can’t think their way through abstract problems, work in teams or speak a language other than English.

This week the conversation will burst onto the front page, when the NCSAW releases a blueprint for rethinking American education from pre-K to 12 and beyond to better prepare students to thrive in the global economy. While that report includes some debatable proposals, there is a remarkable agreement among educators and business and policy leaders on one key conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century. Today’s economy demands not only a high-level competence in the traditional academic disciplines but also what might be called 21st-century skills.

 

64. What is the writer’s purpose to use a dark little joke in the first paragraph?

   A. To serve as an introduction to Rip Van Winkle.

   B. To draw readers’ attention to the present situations in American schools.

   C. To remind people that American literature plays an important role in economy.

   D. To let its readers enjoy the article from the very beginning.

65. What is the writer’s general impression of American school children?

   A. They look much like their great-grandparents.

   B. They can do everything as they like.

   C. They are well developed on all sides.

   D. They are almost separated from the outside world.

66. From the third paragraph, we know the writer ________. 

   A. has focused on reading scores and math tests

   B. tells a story about the national conversation

   C. tends to care much about the big public conversation

   D. promises to help kids with their grade in the global economy

67. The underlined part “to thrive” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.

   A. to become and continue to be successful and strong.

   B. to enjoy something especially other people would not like.

   C. to compete with other people for better positions

   D. to work in teams with any other people.

3、

  Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West.

This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk.

After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.

Tour Itinerary (行程)

Tour Duration

5.7 Hours

The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk

Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West

1 Hour

Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West.

Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West

2 Hours

You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon where the Calorado River makes its way into Lake Mood. Every table for lunch has a view.

Walk on the World Famous Skywalk

1.5 Hours

Finally you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon.

Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim

1.2 Hours

After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset.

60. This advertisement is for __________.

           A. Grand Canyon West                               B. Grand Canyon South

           C. Grand Canyon                                       D. the Skywalk

61. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______.

62. The Grand Canyon Skywalk Bridge is made of glass because ______.

           A. it looks stranger                                     B. it is cheaper to build

           C. it looks more beautiful                            D. it gives you a better view

63. According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.

   A. South Rim→ Guano Point→ West Airport→ Eagle Point→ West Airport→ South Rim

   B. South Rim→ West Airport→ Guano Point→ Eagle Point→ West Airport→ South Rim

   C. South Rim→ West Airport→ Eagle Point→ Guano Point→ West Airport→ South Rim

   D. South Rim→ West Airport→ Eagle Point→ West Airport→ Guano Point→ South Rim

2、In the United States ,the biggest change in spending has been in the amount(数目)spent on food ,which has decreased(减少)from 46% of the total family budget(预算)in 1901 to 19% of present day totals .This is due to the fact that people are now able to buy more and better foods at lower prices. As a result of the growth in fast-food restaurants (for example, McDonad’s or KFC), more people are also eating out. Thus about 30% of today’s food budget goes on meals eaten outside the home while a hundred years ago it was only 3%.

          At the beginning of the 20th century, few people owned their homes (only around 19% of working families )and cars (at $ 1,000 per car this was well above the average family income of $ 650 per year) , as most people were unable to borrow money. But there was a rapid rise in both home and car ownership during the mid-1900s.

          Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working week, i. e. from six days to five ,and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldn’t be too long, otherwise people wouldn’t have the time to spend their money. The amount of a family’s budget spent on outside entertainment ,such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Ford’s day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our great-grandparents paid for reading materials.

          It is difficult to see how our spending patterns may change in the future. We already know that our population is aging and this will have an effect on the amount of money we spend on medical care.

 

56. What is the subject discussed in the text?

   A. Changing patterns in spending.          B. Changes in family planning.

   C. Decrease in food demand.                D. Increase in family income.

57. What is the immediate cause for people to have more time to enjoy life?

A. The development of the fast food industry.  B. The improvement of living conditions.

C. The reduction in working time.                   D. The rapid rise in income.

58. On which of the following did people spend less money than before?

A. Shopping.   B. Reading.     C. Traveling.              D. Family gatherings.

59. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that people will       .

A. spend less money on entertainment   B. spend more money on the health of the old

C. spend less money eating out             D. spend more money on books

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