It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area around large urban districts with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally(=really) worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing（制造业的） and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect” holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter（颗粒物质）in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature a result that would be equally disastrous（损失惨重的）. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

51. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution       .

       A. caused widespread damage in the countryside

       B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

       C. had damaging effects on health

       D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas

52. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author       .

       A. shares the same view with the scientists

       B. is uncertain of its occurrence

       C. rejects it as being ungrounded

       D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

53. The word “offset” (Para. 2) could best be replaced by       .

       A. slip into                B. make up for          C. set up                   D. catch up with

54. It can be inferred from the passage that           .

       A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees wouldn’t do much harm to life on earth

       B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

       C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

       D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

55. This passage is primarily concerned with       .

       A. the greenhouse effect                            B. the burning of fossil fuels

       C. the potential effect of air pollution           D. the likelihood of a new ice age

It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area around large urban districts with factories and heavy automobile traffic.  Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally(=really) worldwide.  On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing（制造业的） and automobile traffic.  In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution.  Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect” – holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature.  If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter（颗粒物质）in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature – a result that would be equally disastrous（损失惨重的）.  A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.  At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely).  Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution       .

A. caused widespread damage in the countryside     

B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

       C. had damaging effects on health                 

D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas

2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author       .

       A. shares the same view with the scientists    B. is uncertain of its occurrence

       C. rejects it as being ungrounded                    D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

3. The word “offset” (Para. 2) could best be replaced by       .

       A. slip into                B. make up for          C. set up                   D. catch up with

4. It can be inferred from the passage that           .

       A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees wouldn’t do much harm to life on earth

       B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

       C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

       D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

5. This passage is primarily concerned with       .

       A. the greenhouse effect                            B. the burning of fossil fuels

       C. the potential effect of air pollution    D. the likelihood of a new ice age