题目内容
2、Can computer reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur. Now, or at least soon, computers will be able to do logical reasoning in a variety of areas without making errors. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recent research in this field. AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that is the best example of this use of the computer.
AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. The program reaches logical conclusions perfectly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using advanced techniques to find a contradiction（矛盾）.
One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically（自动地） shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid many fruitless steps.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit（电路）design check, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist “expert systems” that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert systems continue to improve and have an endless life. Moreover, they can be reproduced just for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be reproduced any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs, such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas, which will be partially prepared and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
1．The way AURA works is to .
A．explore the faults in designing. B．discover the viruses in a program.
C．find out what is against the set programs D．predict by reasoning.
2．All of the following are mentioned as areas for the use of AURA EXCEPT .
A．electronic engineering. B．search for oil
C．identification of diseases. D．mental logic
3．All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT .
A．they can be reproduced endlessly B．they are featured by self analysis.
C．they may be enriched in contents. D．they are reproduced almost free.
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Practical Uses of computers. B．Suggested applications for AURA.
C．The technical perfection of AURA. D． Computer aid to human reasoning.
试题答案
2、CDBD
Can computer reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur. Now, or at least soon, computers will be able to do logical reasoning in a variety of areas without making errors. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recent research in this field. AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that is the best example of this use of the computer.
AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. The program reaches logical conclusions perfectly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using advanced techniques to find a contradiction（矛盾）.
One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically（自动地） shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid many fruitless steps.
The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit（电路）design check, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist “expert systems” that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert systems continue to improve and have an endless life. Moreover, they can be reproduced just for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be reproduced any number of times.
Will the computer replace the human being? It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs, such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas, which will be partially prepared and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.
1．The way AURA works is to .
A．explore the faults in designing. B．discover the viruses in a program.
C．find out what is against the set programs D．predict by reasoning.
2．All of the following are mentioned as areas for the use of AURA EXCEPT .
A．electronic engineering. B．search for oil
C．identification of diseases. D．mental logic
3．All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT .
A．they can be reproduced endlessly B．they are featured by self analysis.
C．they may be enriched in contents. D．they are reproduced almost free.
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Practical Uses of computers. B．Suggested applications for AURA.
C．The technical perfection of AURA. D． Computer aid to human reasoning.
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