Now that the recession（经济衰退）is most likely over, it,s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.

Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald,s. McDonald,s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. While many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. And the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009^,s first seven months.

In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald,s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. First, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald,s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.

In the United States, McDonald,s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald,s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald,s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.

The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald,s can survive the recovery. When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there,s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald,s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.

64．From the passage we can infer that      in the recession.

       A．the developing countries grew wealthier

       B．the rich countries became unable to recover

       C．the Western companies suffered a great loss

       D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges

65．McDonald,s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of      .

       A．its good operation    B．the American food culture

       C．its low price and convenience  D．the weak value of dollars

66．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means          .

       A．formal written agreement           B．influence on industry

       C．disappointing management      D．process of reduced trade

67．What can be the best title for this passage?

       A．Who Won the Recession

       B．Who Traded down in the Recession

       C．How Western Business Survived the Recession

       D．How McDonald‘s Kept Growing after the Recession

Now that the recession（经济衰退 ）is most likely over, it’s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.

    Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald’s. McDonald’s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. while many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. and the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009’s first seven months.

      In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald’s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. Fist, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald’s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.

      In the United States, McDonald’s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald’s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald’s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.

       The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald’s can survive the recovery. When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there’s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald’s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.

50．From the passage we can infer that _______ in the recession.

 A．the developing countries grew wealthier

 B．the rich countries became unable to recover 

 C．the Western companies suffered a great loss

 D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges

51．McDonald’s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of______.

 A．its good operation                 B．the American food culture

 C．its low price and convenience       D．the weak value of dollars

52．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means __________.

 A．formal written agreement           B．influence on industry

 C．disappointing management          D．process of reduced trade

53．What can be the best title for this passage?

 A．Who Won the Recession

 B．Who Traded down in the Recession

 C．How Western Business Survived the Recession

 D．How McDonald’s Kept Growing after the Recession

Now that the recession（经济衰退）is most likely over, it’s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.

    Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald’s. McDonald’s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. while many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. and the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009’s first seven months.

      In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald’s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. Fist, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald’s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.

      In the United States, McDonald’s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald’s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald’s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.

       The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald’s can survive the recovery. When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there’s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald’s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.

50．From the passage we can infer that _______ in the recession.

 A．the developing countries grew wealthier

 B．the rich countries became unable to recover 

 C．the Western companies suffered a great loss

 D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges

51．McDonald’s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of______.

 A．its good operation                 B．the American food culture

 C．its low price and convenience       D．the weak value of dollars

52．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means __________.

 A．formal written agreement           B．influence on industry

 C．disappointing management          D．process of reduced trade

53．What can be the best title for this passage?

 A．Who Won the Recession

 B．Who Traded down in the Recession

 C．How Western Business Survived the Recession

 D．How McDonald’s Kept Growing after the Recession

Now that the recession（经济衰退）is most likely over, it’s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.

Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald’s. McDonald’s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. while many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. and the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009’s first seven months.

In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald’s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. Fist, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald’s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.

In the United States, McDonald’s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald’s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald’s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.

The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald’s can survive the recovery.

When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there’s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald’s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.

1．From the passage we can infer that      in the recession.

       A．the developing countries grew wealthier

       B．the rich countries became unable to recover

       C．the Western companies suffered a great loss

       D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges

2．McDonald’s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of       .

       A．its good operation                                B．the American food culture

       C．its low price and convenience               D．the weak value of dollars

3．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means          .

       A．formal written agreement                      B．influence on industry

       C．disappointing management                    D．process of reduced trade

4．What can be the best title for this passage?

       A．Who Won the Recession

       B．Who Traded down in the Recession

       C．How Western Business Survived the Recession

       D．How McDonald’s Kept Growing after the Recession

E

Now that the recession（经济衰退）is most likely over, it’s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest cconsumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.

Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald’s. McDonald’s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. while many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. and the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009’s first seven months.

In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald’s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. Fist, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald’s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.

In the United States, McDonald’s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald’s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald’s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.

The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald’s can survive the recovery.

When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there’s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald’s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.

72．From the passage we can infer that__________in the recession.

       A．the developing countries grew wealthier

       B．the rich countries became unable to recover

       C．the Western companies suffered a great loss

       D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges

73．McDonald’s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of       .

       A．its good operation               B．the American food culture

       C．its low price and convenience  D．the weak value of dollars

74．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means          .

       A．formal written agreement       B．influence on industry

       C．disappointing management      D．process of reduced trade

75．What can be the best title for this passage?

       A．Who Won the Recession

       B．Who Traded down in the Recession

       C．How Western Business Survived the Recession

       D．How McDonald’s Kept Growing after the Recession

E
Now that the recession（经济衰退）is most likely over, it’s time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unpleasant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest cconsumer markets—the united States, Europe, Japan—there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged their business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring more business.
Chief among the Great Recession’s winners is McDonald’s. McDonald’s sales growth in 2008 was greater than in 2006 and 2007. while many restaurants reduced their business operation, it opened nearly 600 stores in 2008. and the chain has achieved same-store sales growth in each of 2009’s first seven months.
In 2008, after a decade of severely trading up to higher quality consumer goods and services, Americans began to trade down with a vengeance（报复）. McDonald’s, which has 44 percent of its 32,000 stores in the United States, was set up to profit from trading down in two ways. Fist, in a recession, people eat out less and at home more frequently. And when they eat out, they eat at cheaper places. McDonald’s is so cheap, efficient, and convenient that it was a practical alternative to casual restaurants like Ruby Tuesday.
In the United States, McDonald’s may be a cheap source of calories in food. In other parts of the world, McDonald’s is an appealing brand, identified with middle-class, westernized consumerism. Much of the world, such as China, India, is still not developed for the Golden Arches. Coincidentally, these are the right places where its business has continued to grow during the global recession. While it faces operational challenges in markets, McDonald’s has benefited form a weakening dollar and rising incomes in Asia.
The question now for investors（投资者）is whether McDonald’s can survive the recovery.
When people feel better-off, will they still stop by? The growth in same-store sales in the United States has come down a little in recent months. And there’s a rising amount of the population that has grown accustomed to eating healthier and better. Going forward, McDonald’s may face larger cultural barriers in the United States than in China.
72．From the passage we can infer that__________in the recession.
A．the developing countries grew wealthier
B．the rich countries became unable to recover
C．the Western companies suffered a great loss
D．the opportunities were brought as well as challenges
73．McDonald’s managed to remain popular in the recession mainly because of       .
A．its good operation              B．the American food culture
C．its low price and convenience  D．the weak value of dollars
74．The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph I means         .
A．formal written agreement       B．influence on industry
C．disappointing management      D．process of reduced trade
75．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Who Won the Recession
B．Who Traded down in the Recession
C．How Western Business Survived the Recession
D．How McDonald’s Kept Growing after the Recession

We often use the words "growth" and "development" as if they meant basically the same thing．But this may not always be the case．One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income （growth） with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens （development）．

In the past, most development policies were aimed at increasing the growth rate of income per capita （人均所得）．Many are still based on the theory that benefit of economic growth will come to all members of society．If this theory is correct, growth should encourage development．

By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned．A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than decades of rapid growth in developing countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population．

The World Bank study showed that increase in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such development indicators as nutrition（营养）,health, and education．Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefit came down to only a small part of the population．This realization gives rise to a call for new development policies．These new policies favor agriculture over industry, call for national redistribution （资源分配）of income and wealth, and encourage programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter．

In the late 1970s and early 1980s the international macroeconomic crises （大规模的经济危机）of high oil prices, worldwide recession （衰退） and the third world debt, forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty, however, the lesson remains: economic growth does not promise economic development．Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity（能力）into economic benefit that reach most of a nation's people．

1．What do we learn from the first paragraph about the relationship between growth and development?

       A．Growth and development refer to the same thing．

       B．Growth always brings about development．

       C．Development is not a necessary result of growth．

       D．Development is a reliable measure of growth．

2．Before the 1970s, most development policies were based on theory that economic growth would benefit _____．

       A．most people in society                     B．some people in society

       C．few people in society                   D．everyone in society

3．According to the study by the World Bank in 1974, economic growth in some backward countries brought _____．

       A．benefit to a third of their population

       B．benefit to two thirds of their population

       C．little benefit to their people 

     D．no benefit at all to their people

4．If the passage continues, what would the author most likely discuss in the next paragraph?

       A．How to turn growth into development．

       B．How to remove poverty from society．

       C．How to decrease the third world debt．

      D．How to cope with economic crises．