It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.

Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences. ?

1.The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.

A．teachers          B．classmates         C．doctors           D．brothers or sisters

2.When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?

A．After they go into society.                 B．Before they enter school.

C．When they are at school.                 D．Before they are born.

3.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.

B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.

C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.

D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.

Yesterday my grandfather told me about his early days.   1   he left school, he found a job in a post office. He worked hard in the   2 . Soon he had more money than his friends because of his hard work. It seemed that he would have a   3   future.

When he was 25 years old, however, he began to   4   his job. He wanted a more exciting one, so he left the post office. Two months   5  , he found a new job in a big company. Workers in this company   6   traveled a lot. At first he really enjoyed the traveling. But after a year, he began to hate   7  . He had to move around and he was always in a car or on a train. The worst thing was that he couldn’t make any new   8  . Even so, his boss was not satisfied with him. Two years later he left the company.

He was   9  at that time so he sold his house. He had to accept a part-time job in a   10  shop. He was surprised to find that he loved it!  He made new friends every day and he enjoyed    reading books. Three years later, he  11   the shop owner’s daughter. Soon they had their first child. In the next ten years, they had another three   12   and four more book shops! He became very rich indeed.

“Life is wonderful,” he told me. “The most important thing is that you should always try your best. Never give up!”

1．A．While                      B．When                     C．Until                      D．If

2．A．factory                    B．theatre                   C．bank                      D．post office

3．A．bad                        B．bright                     C．sad                        D．interesting

4．A．be tired of               B．like                        C．love                       D．be crazy about

5．A．ago                         B．before                    C．later                       D．after

6．A．almost                     B．usually                   C．seldom                   D．never

7．A．it                             B．him                        C．her                        D．us

8．A．teachers                   B．classmates              C．friends                   D．wives

9．A．happy                      B．fun                        C．rich                      D．poor

10．A．cloth                      B．fruit                      C．book                     D．shoe

11．A．married                 B．understood            C．met                       D．visited

12．A．sisters                    B．brothers                       C．children                 D．cousins