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A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse．He drew the horses very well, but he always began at the tail．Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse, that is why I was surprised．It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly(肚子)or the foot of the horse, if he really knows his business．And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other people's rule．They make their own rules．Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的)to himself; and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way．Now the very same thing is true to literature(文学)．And the question,“How shall I begin?”only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else．That is, you are not yet experienced(有经验的)enough to trust to your own powers．When you become more experienced you will never ask the question, and I think that you will often begin at the tail－that is to say, you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning．

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阅读理解

　　Many years ago, I lived in a building in a large city．The building next door was only a few feet away from mine．There was a woman who lived there, whom I had never met, yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon．

　　After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty．Everything was unclear through the dirty window．I would say to myself, “I wonder why that woman doesn’t wash her window．It really looks terrible．”

　　One morning I cleaned my room, including washing the window on the inside．

　　Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest．What a surprise! Across the way, the woman sitting by her window was clearly seen．Her window was clean!

　　Then it dawned on me．I had been criticizing(批评)her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window．

　　That was quite an important lesson for me．Since then, whenever I wanted to judge(判断)someone, I asked myself first, “Am I looking at him through my own dirty window?” Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see the world about me more clearly．

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